{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T02:28:36Z","timestamp":1770258516508,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MJS Publishing, Medical Journals Sweden AB","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Derm Venereol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels, stress, and quality of life in leprosy patients, and to explore their interrelations. A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2024 to May 2025 at 3 hospitals in Medan, Indonesia, involving 45 leprosy patients aged \u2265\u200918 years who met inclusion criteria. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were measured using ELISA, stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale-10, and quality of life was evaluated through the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Shapiro\u2013Wilk normality test, and Spearman\u2019s rank correlation were used for analysis. The mean serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor level was 7.38\u00b13.37 ng\/mL. Patients with multibacillary leprosy without reaction had higher brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels than those with type 1 or type 2 reactions. Stress levels were mild in 42.22% and severe in 28.89% of patients. Quality of life scores varied widely. A strong negative correlation was found between brain-derived neurotrophic factor and stress (r=\u20130.953, p&lt;\u20090.0001), and a strong positive correlation between brain-derived neurotrophic factor and quality of life (r=0.962, p&lt;\u20090.0001). These findings suggest that serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are associated with psychological well-being in leprosy patients and may serve as a potential biomarker for mental health monitoring in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2340\/actadv.v106.44262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T12:23:51Z","timestamp":1770207831000},"page":"adv44262","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serum Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor, Stress Levels, and Quality of Life Among Leprosy Patients: A Cross-sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.2340","volume":"106","author":[{"family":"Nahrisyah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramona Dumasari","family":"Lubis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riana Miranda","family":"Sinaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1183","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"140438","unstructured":"Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2023. Jakarta; 2024."},{"key":"140439","unstructured":"Sihaloho K, Hidayati A, Agusni I. Ekspresi transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-\u03b2) pada sel T regulator (Treg) dari lesi kulit pasien kusta. Berk Ilmu Kesehat Kulit Kelamin 2016; 28: 1\u201317."},{"key":"140440","unstructured":"Salgado C, de Brito A, Salgado U, Spencer J. Leprosy. In: Fitzpatrick\u2019s dermatology in general medicine. 9th ed. New York: McGraw Hill Companies; 2019: p. 2892\u20132924."},{"key":"140441","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global Health Observatory data: Leprosy (Hansen\u2019s Disease). Geneva: WHO; 2023."},{"key":"140442","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin CC, Huang TL. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and mental disorders. Biomed J 2020; 43: 134\u2013142.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2020.01.001"},{"key":"140443","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lima Giacobbo B, Doorduin J, Klein HC, Dierckx RAJO, Bromberg E, de Vries EFJ. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in brain disorders: focus on neuroinflammation. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56: 3295\u20133312.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1283-6"},{"key":"140444","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miao Z, Wang Y, Sun Z. The relationships between stress, mental disorders, and epigenetic regulation of BDNF. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21: 1375.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041375"},{"key":"140445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mravec B, Horvathova L, Padova A. Brain under stress and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018; 38: 73\u201384.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-017-0521-1"},{"key":"140446","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karege F, Perret G, Bondolfi G, Schwald M, Bertschy G, Aubry JM. Decreased serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in major depressed patients. Psych Res 2002; 109: 143\u2013148.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(02)00005-7"},{"key":"140447","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsai SJ. Critical issues in BDNF Val66Met genetic studies of neuropsychiatric disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11: 156.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2018.00156"},{"key":"140448","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dolotov OV, Inozemtseva LS, Myasoedov NF, Grivennikov IA. Stress-induced depression and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: focus on astrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23: 4999.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23094999"},{"key":"140449","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kazakou P, Nicolaides NC, Chrousos GP. Basic concepts and hormonal regulators of the stress system. Horm Res Paediatr 2023; 96: 8\u201316.","DOI":"10.1159\/000523975"},{"key":"140450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee EH. Review of the psychometric evidence of the Perceived Stress Scale. Asian Nurs Res 2012; 6: 121\u2013127.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anr.2012.08.004"},{"key":"140451","unstructured":"Govindharaj P, Srinivasan S, Darlong J. Quality of life of persons affected by leprosy in an endemic district, West Bengal, India. Indian J Dermatol 2018; 63: 459\u2013464."},{"key":"140452","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nogueira MRS, Am\u00f4r NG, Michellin LB, Cury Filho M, Rosa PS, Latini ACP, et al. Effect of Mycobacterium leprae on neurotrophins expression in human Schwann cells and mouse sciatic nerves. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2020; 115: e200330.","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760200075"},{"key":"140453","unstructured":"Hardhana B, Sibuea F, Widiantini W. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2020. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2021."},{"key":"140454","unstructured":"Muchammad Al Amin DJ. Klasifikasi kelompok umur manusia berdasarkan analisis dimensi fraktal box counting dari citra wajah dengan deteksi tepi Canny. J Ilm Mat 2017; 2: 33\u201342."},{"key":"140455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang K, Zhang W, Lu H. Global trends in the incidence, prevalence and disability-adjusted life years of leprosy from 1990 to 2019: an age-period-cohort analysis using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2025; 18: 883\u2013898.","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S508600"},{"key":"140456","unstructured":"Sunarto DY, Waspodo NN, Safitri A. Characteristics of leprosy disease: literature review. J Eduhealth 2024; 15: 1087\u20131101."},{"key":"140457","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng J, Sun P, Wang L, Wang H, Long S, Yu MW. Leprosy among new child cases in China: epidemiological and clinical analysis from 2011 to 2020. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17: e0011092.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011092"},{"key":"140458","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez L, Rivera A, Vidal Y, Bilbao J, Kasang C, Parisi S, et al. Factors associated with delay of diagnosis of leprosy in north-eastern Colombia: a quantitative analysis. 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J Medula Unila 2020; 10: 70\u201376."},{"key":"140463","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global leprosy (Hansen disease) update, 2021: New cases slow, continued endemicity in hyperendemic countries. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2022; 97: 429\u2013450."},{"key":"140464","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casotti MO, Gryschek RCB, Paula FM, Gomes-Gouv\u00eaa M, Pinho JRR, Tuan R, et al. Molecular detection of prepatent Schistosoma mansoni infection in Biomphalaria glabrata snail vectors. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2020; 62: e18.","DOI":"10.1590\/s1678-9946202062017"},{"key":"140465","unstructured":"Pinto A, Ferreira C, Oliveira M, Andrade P, Sarno E, Nery J. Clinical and immunological aspects of type 1 reaction in paucibacillary leprosy patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15: e0009831."},{"key":"140466","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lang UE, Hellweg R, Gallinat J. BDNF serum concentrations in healthy volunteers are associated with depression-related personality traits. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004; 29: 795\u2013808.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300382"},{"key":"140467","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klein AB, Williamson R, Santini MA, Clemmensen C, Ettrup A, Rios M, et al. Blood BDNF concentrations reflect brain-tissue BDNF levels across species. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2011; 14: 347\u2013353.","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145710000738"},{"key":"140468","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sochal M, Ditmer M, Gabryelska A, Bialasiewicz P. The role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in immune-related diseases: a narrative review. J Clin Med 2022; 11: 6023.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11206023"},{"key":"140469","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Souza BJ, Mendes MA, Sperandio da Silva GM, Sammarco-Rosa P, Moraes MO, Jardim MR, et al. Gene expression profile of Mycobacterium leprae contribution in the pathology of leprosy neuropathy. Front Med 2022; 9: 861586.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.861586"},{"key":"140470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reis FJJ, Lopes D, Rodrigues J, Gosling AP, Gomes MK. Psychological distress and quality of life in leprosy patients with neuropathic pain. Lepr Rev 2014; 85: 186\u2013193.","DOI":"10.47276\/lr.85.3.186"},{"key":"140471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sinambela DWI, Lubis SR, Dalimunthe DA. Correlation between perceived stigma and quality of life of leprosy patients. Bali Med J 2020; 9: 830\u2013835.","DOI":"10.15562\/bmj.v9i3.1962"},{"key":"140472","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Notaras M, van den Buuse M. Neurobiology of BDNF in fear memory, sensitivity to stress, and stress-related disorders. 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Plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and serum cortisol levels in workers exposed to occupational stress and suffering from adjustment disorders. Brain Behav 2019; 9: e01298.","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1298"},{"key":"140476","unstructured":"Puhlmann LMC, Vrticka P, Linz R, Valk SL, Papassotiriou I, Chrousos GP, Engert V, Singer T. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor increase following long-term contemplative mental training is associated with reduced cortisol secretion and hippocampal plasticity. Biological Psychiatry: Global Open Science. 2024."},{"key":"140477","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li J, Li R, Li D, Zhang J, Luo X, Zhang Y. Serum BDNF levels and state anxiety are associated with somatic symptoms in patients with panic disorder. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14: 1168771.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1168771"},{"key":"140478","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abd El Raheem T, Shaker O, Nassar M. Recent review on the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on acne vulgaris. 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