{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T04:23:44Z","timestamp":1790310224029,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MJS Publishing, Medical Journals Sweden AB","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AOS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: The use of midazolam (MZ) has increased in dentistry, but the effect in adults is sparsely studied. The aim of this study was to investigate doses, effects, and side effects of orally administered MZ as a sedative for adults in a dental care organization.\nMaterial and methods: A retrospective record review was performed including all adult patients in the dental care organization \u226520 years receiving MZ, identified through a logbook for addictive drugs, during 2020. From patients\u2019 records, the following data were extracted: age, gender, medical history, reason for sedation, performed treatments, doses, effects, and side effects of MZ.\u00a0\nResults: In total, 265 patients on 418 occasions had been sedated, which constituted 2.3 sedations per 1,000 visits and 3.3 sedations per 1,000 treated patients. Mean age was 40.8 years and 67.7% were females. The most common reason for sedation was anxiety. Mean dose in primary dental clinics was 7.9 mg and in specialist clinics, 6.8 mg (p &lt; 0.001). Older patients (&gt;70 years) had lower doses than younger (p &lt; 0.001), while no difference was found between ages 55\u201370 years and those who were younger. Dental treatment was completed in 91.9% of occasions, and side effects were registered in 2.2%. Successful dental treatment was related to type of treatment performed.\nConclusions: Sedation is rarely used, particularly in primary dental care, and the use varies widely between clinics. MZ administered by dentists seems to be safe and effective. A sedation record should be used to make patient data such as weight and medical conditions available.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2340\/aos.v83.41403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T13:27:50Z","timestamp":1726752470000},"page":"507-515","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sedation of Adults with Orally Administered Midazolam in Dentistry \u2013 A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.2340","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Marika","family":"Storskrubb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pia","family":"Gabre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1183","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"76444","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boyle CA, Manley MC, Fleming GJ. Oral midazolam for adults with learning disabilities. Dent Update. 2000;27(4):190\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/denu.2000.27.4.190","DOI":"10.12968\/denu.2000.27.4.190"},{"key":"76445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rignell L, Mikati M, Werts\u00e9n M, H\u00e4gglin C. Sedation with orally administered midazolam in elderly dental patients with major neurocognitive disorder. Gerodontology. 2017;34(3):299\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ger.12262","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12262"},{"key":"76446","unstructured":"Svensson L, Hakeberg M, Boman UW. Dental anxiety, concomitant factors and change in prevalence over 50 years. Community Dent Health. 2016;33(2):121\u20136."},{"key":"76447","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wide Boman U, Carlsson V, Westin M, Hakeberg M. Psychological treatment of dental anxiety among adults: a systematic review. Eur J Oral Sci. 2013;121(3 Pt 2):225\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eos.12032","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12032"},{"key":"76448","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burghardt S, Koranyi S, Magnucki G, Strauss B, Rosendahl J. Non-pharmacological interventions for reducing mental distress in patients undergoing dental procedures: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent. 2018;69:22\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdent.2017.11.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2017.11.005"},{"key":"76449","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coulthard P. Medical management of dental anxiety. Prim Dent J. 2019;19;7(4):40\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/205016841800700410","DOI":"10.1177\/205016841800700410"},{"key":"76450","unstructured":"Patodia S, LeBlanc V, Haas DA, Dempster LJ. Ontario dentists\u2019 estimation of patient interest in anesthesia. J Can Dent Assoc. 2017;82:h2."},{"key":"76451","unstructured":"Patodia S, LeBlanc V, Dempster LJ. Ontario dentists\u2019 practice of sedation and general anesthesia: barriers to access and use. J Can Dent Assoc. 2021;87:l2."},{"key":"76452","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Practice guidelines for moderate procedural sedation and analgesia 2018: a report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Moderate Procedural Sedation and Analgesia, the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, American College of Radiology, American Dental Association, American Society of Dentist Anesthesiologists, and Society of Interventional Radiology. Anesthesiology. 2018;128(3):437\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002043","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002043"},{"key":"76453","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reves JG, Fragen RJ, Vinik HR, Greenblatt DJ. Midazolam: pharmacology and uses. Anesthesiology. 1985;62(3):310\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000542-198503000-00017","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198503000-00017"},{"key":"76454","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conway A, Chang K, Mafeld S, Sutherland J. Midazolam for sedation before procedures in adults and children: a systematic review update. Syst Rev. 2021;5;10(1):69. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-021-01617-5","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01617-5"},{"key":"76455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heard C, Smith J, Creighton P, Joshi P, Feldman D, Lerman J. A comparison of four sedation techniques for pediatric dental surgery. Paediatr Anaesth. 2010;20(10):924\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2010.03402.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2010.03402.x"},{"key":"76456","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conway A, Rolley J, Sutherland JR. Midazolam for sedation before procedures. 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