{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T02:12:44Z","timestamp":1787623964674,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MJS Publishing, Medical Journals Sweden AB","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737417600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AOS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The dependence on the illicit drugs has been proven to be harmful to the oral cavity and may lead to a series of abnormal manifestations. The main objective of this study was to observe the effects caused by the consumption of illicit drugs in the oral cavity, in a prison population in the North of Portugal.\r\nMethods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted involving 91 male inmates aged 25-75 years (mean age 41.14 \u00b1 8.98), from Pa\u00e7os de Ferreira Prison. The participants were subjected to a medical interview and a clinical examination. Descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test were used to assess the association between the qualitative variables. The level of statistical significance used was \u03b1 \u2264 0.05.\r\nResults: The consumption of illicit drugs proved to be a common practice (86.8%), where cannabis, heroin and cocaine were the most prevalent (29.1%). Thirty-one inmates were attending the methadone rehabilitation program (34.1%). Most of patients consuming illicit substances, were also smokers (93.7%) (p&lt;.001). Of the 91 participants, 82 (90.1%) presented oral manifestations, with caries lesions being the most prevalent (61.0%) and oral mucosa lesions the least observed (3.7%). Heavy drug consumption was related with rampant caries lesion (p=.011) and chewing difficulty (p=.024) when compared with cannabis consumption.\r\nConclusion: The main oral manifestations found, associated to the consumption of illicit drugs were caries lesions, tooth loss and sensitivity, periodontal diseases, temporomandibular disorders, xerostomia, and bruxism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2340\/aos.v84.42721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T08:07:56Z","timestamp":1737446876000},"page":"37-46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Oral lesions and disorders and their prevalence arising from the use of illicit drugs in a prison population."],"prefix":"10.2340","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0713-2041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Relvas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4932-7437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Rompante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6693-4426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filomena","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8938-1297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1444-000X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Sofia","family":"Vinhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7950-0053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1183","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"95518","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caravaca-Sanchez F, Falcon Romero M, Luna A. 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