{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:51:55Z","timestamp":1790772715277,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MJS Publishing, Medical Journals Sweden AB","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AOS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: The use of virtual surgical planning (VSP) in orthognathic surgery is increasing. The aim of this study was to investigate which type of dentofacial deformity makes the surgeon choose VSP and if VSP influences the choice of surgical techniques. Furthermore, we sought to evaluate if use of VSP affects surgical time and blood loss during surgery.\nMaterial and methods: Patients having undergone orthognathic surgery and registered in the Swedish quality registry for orthognathic surgery (NROK) between 2018 and 2019 were eligible for inclusion in this study. An evaluation of the usage of VSP was performed together with an analysis of operation time and bleeding during surgery. A total of 862 patients were evaluated.\nResults: Out of the 862 patients who had orthognathic surgery, 224 were VSP cases. Patients diagnosed with maxillary retrusion (p = 0.0024), maxillary vertical hyperplasia (p &lt; 0.001), mandibular protrusion (p = 0.0031), laterogenia (p &lt; 0.001) or craniofacial deformity (p = 0.0033) were more often digitally planned. Patients who underwent VSP and bimaxillary surgery showed a tendency of reduced operating time andless bleeding during surgery; however, the results were inconclusive.\nConclusion: The present study shows that VSP was used more frequently in patients with maxillary retrusion, maxillary vertical hyperplasia, mandibular protrusion, laterogenia, and craniofacial deformity in comparison with other diagnoses. Alongside the findings that VSP cases had more diagnoses per patient and that a larger number of surgical procedures were performed in this group, this indicates a preference for using digital planning in more complex orthognathic cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2340\/aos.v84.44805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:06:31Z","timestamp":1760108791000},"page":"549-553","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of 3D planning in orthognathic surgery"],"prefix":"10.2340","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Klas","family":"Strindlund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Payam","family":"Farzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Rasmusson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carina","family":"Cardemil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1183","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"129433","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva I, Cardemil C, Kashani H, Bazargani F, Tarnow P, Rasmusson L, et al. Quality of life in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery \u2013 a two-centered Swedish study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2016;44(8):973\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcms.2016.04.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2016.04.005"},{"key":"129434","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Popat H, Richmond S, Drage NA. New developments in: three-dimensional planning for orthognathic surgery. J Orthod. 2010;37(1):62\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/14653121042885","DOI":"10.1179\/14653121042885"},{"key":"129435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farrell BB, Franco PB, Tucker MR. Virtual surgical planning in orthognathic surgery. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2014;26(4):459\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coms.2014.08.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2014.08.011"},{"key":"129436","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bell RB. A history of orthognathic surgery in North America. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018;76(12):2466\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2018.09.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.09.006"},{"key":"129437","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zoabi A, Redenski I, Oren D, Kasem A, Zigron A, Daoud S, et al. 3D printing and virtual surgical planning in oral and maxillofacial surgery. J Clin Med. 2022;11(9):2385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11092385","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092385"},{"key":"129438","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seo HJ, Choi YK. Current trends in orthognathic surgery. Arch Craniofac Surg. 2021;22(6):287\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7181\/acfs.\u200b2021.00598","DOI":"10.7181\/acfs.2021.00598"},{"key":"129439","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen J, Abousy M, Girard A, Duclos O, Patel V, Jenny H, et al. The impact of virtual surgical planning on orthognathic surgery: contributions from two specialties. J Craniofac Surg. 2022;33(5):1418\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SCS.0000000000008607","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000008607"},{"key":"129440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alkaabi S, Maningky M, Helder MN, Alsabri G. Virtual and traditional surgical planning in orthognathic surgery \u2013 systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022;60(9):1184\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjoms.2022.07.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2022.07.007"},{"key":"129441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beek DM, Baan F, Liebregts J, Nienhuijs M, Berge S, Maal T, et al. A learning curve in 3D virtual surgical planned orthognathic surgery. Clin Oral Investig. 2023;27(7):3907\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-023-05013-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-023-05013-2"},{"key":"129442","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhabshi MO, Aldhohayan H, BaEissa OS, Al Shehri MS, Alotaibi NM, Almubarak SK, et al. Role of three-dimensional printing in treatment planning for orthognathic surgery: a systematic review. Cureus. 2023;15(10):e47979. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.47979","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.47979"},{"key":"129443","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rokhshad R, Keyhan SO, Yousefi P. Artificial intelligence applications and ethical challenges in oral and maxillo-facial cosmetic surgery: a narrative review. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg. 2023;45(1):14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40902-023-00382-w","DOI":"10.1186\/s40902-023-00382-w"},{"key":"129444","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen Z, Mo S, Fan X, You Y, Ye G, Zhou N. A meta-analysis and systematic review comparing the effectiveness of traditional and virtual surgical planning for orthognathic surgery: based on randomized clinical trials. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021;79(2):471 e1\u2013e19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2020.09.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2020.09.005"},{"key":"129445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stalhand G, Abdiu A, Rasmusson L, Abtahi J. Distribution of orthognathic surgery among the Swedish population: a retrospective register-based study. Acta Odontol Scand. 2023;81(5):414\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00016357.2022.2164352","DOI":"10.1080\/00016357.2022.2164352"},{"key":"129446","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neo B, Lim LC, Mohammed-Ali R. Time benefits of 3D planning in orthognathic surgery: a systematic review. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022;60(2):120\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjoms.2021.02.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2021.02.005"}],"container-title":["Acta Odontologica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/medicaljournalssweden.se\/actaodontologica\/article\/download\/44805\/51721","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/medicaljournalssweden.se\/actaodontologica\/article\/download\/44805\/51721","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:06:40Z","timestamp":1760108800000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/medicaljournalssweden.se\/actaodontologica\/article\/view\/44805"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"references-count":14,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/aos.v84.44805","relation":{},"ISSN":["1502-3850","0001-6357"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1502-3850","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0001-6357","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]}}}