{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T09:44:14Z","timestamp":1785750254896,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MJS Publishing, Medical Journals Sweden AB","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPHS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Scaphoid fractures still have high rate of nonunion, mainly due to the tenuous blood supply and only primary bone healing. Rigid fixation facilitates this kind of bone healing and is considered as vital as protection of the blood supply. The optimal implant (screw) location should meet the requirements for researcher\u2019s biomechanical findings on fracture stability.\nMaterials and methods: Raw CT-scanned data of eight volunteers\u2019 wrists were imported into Mimics. The 3D scaphoid was segmented out and calculated, then opened in Geomagic Studio. Four fracture planes (proximal, oblique waist, horizontal waist and distal) simulating common broken scaphoid were created. Mimicking scaphoid implants (screws), the longest, the sub-longest, and central and eccentric cylinders perpendicular to each fracture plane were created. Whole and inside-fragmental length, and the relative location of each cylinder were measured and analyzed.\nResults: The longest (28.5 \u00b1 1.6 mm) cylinder was significantly longer than the sub-longest (25.4 \u00b1 1.4 mm). Several eccentric perpendicular cylinders (so short or cutting out of the scaphoid) couldn\u2019t be created. Some proximal inside-fragmental lengths ranged from 3.0 to 5.1 mm. Several central perpendicular cylinders intersected with the longest one. Several central and eccentric perpendicular cylinders were outside of the proximal scaphoid non-contact region.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that scaphoid fracture images from CT scan can be calculated and yield the optimal implant location.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2340\/jphs.v61.46484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T08:44:47Z","timestamp":1785746687000},"page":"182-188","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In vivo virtual investigation of the implant location for scaphoid fractures"],"prefix":"10.2340","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Ren-Guo","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Shen","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1183","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"164459","unstructured":"Buijze GA, Bachoura A, Mahmood B, et al. 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J Wrist Surg. 2018;7(1):77\u201380.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1606123"},{"key":"164467","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gray RRL, Halpern AL, King SR, et al. Scaphoid fracture and nonunion: new directions. J Hand Surg. 2023;48(2_suppl):4S\u201310S.","DOI":"10.1177\/17531934231165419"},{"key":"164468","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leti Acciaro A, Lana D, Fagetti A, et al. Plate fixation in challenging traumatic carpal scaphoid lesions. Musculoskelet Surg. 2022;106(2):179\u2013185.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12306-020-00689-1"},{"key":"164469","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dodds SD, Panjabi MM, Slade JF, 3rd. Screw fixation of scaphoid fractures: a biomechanical assessment of screw length and screw augmentation. J Hand Surg Am. 2006;31(3):405\u2013413.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2005.09.014"},{"key":"164470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCallister WV, Knight J, Kaliappan R, et al. Central placement of the screw in simulated fractures of the scaphoid waist: a biomechanical study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85(1):72\u201377.","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200301000-00012"},{"key":"164471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swanstrom MM, Morse KW, Lipman JD, et al. Variable bone density of scaphoid: importance of subchondral screw placement. J Wrist Surg. 2018;7(1):66\u201370.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1605381"},{"key":"164472","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahrend MD, Teunis T, Noser H, et al. 3D computational anatomy of the scaphoid and its waist for use in fracture treatment. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021;16(1):216.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02330-8"},{"key":"164473","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mandaleson A, Tham SK, Lewis C, et al. Scaphoid fracture fixation in a nonunion model: a biomechanical study comparing 3 types of fixation. 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Jt Dis Relat Surg. 2021;32(2):377\u2013382.","DOI":"10.52312\/jdrs.2021.15"},{"key":"164477","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Starnoni M, Colzani G, De Santis G, et al. Median nerve injury caused by screw malpositioning in percutaneous scaphoid fracture fixation. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2019;7(6):e2292.","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002292"},{"key":"164478","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dutta A, Crate G, Bakti N, et al. Management of scaphoid fractures with CT scanning and virtual fracture clinic pathway reduces need for face-to-face clinic appointments. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2021;103(9):678\u2013682.","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2021.0022"},{"key":"164479","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung WS, Jung JH, Chung US, et al. Spatial measurement for safe placement of screws within the scaphoid using three-\u00addimensional analysis. 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