{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T03:31:56Z","timestamp":1770175916451,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MJS Publishing, Medical Journals Sweden AB","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,11]],"date-time":"2025-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746921600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JRM-CC"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of spasticity-corrective surgery and botulinum toxin treatment in patients with upper limb spasticity.\nDesign: Pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study.\nPatients: Thirty-four patients with disabling spasticity.\nMethods: Patients were divided into 2 groups based on their treatment preference: the surgery group, which underwent tendon lengthening\/release (n\u2009=\u200917), and the botulinum toxin injection group (n\u2009=\u200917). The primary outcome measure was the Modified Ashworth Scale. Secondary outcomes included range of motion, grip strength, and activity performance. Assessments were conducted at baseline for both groups, at 3 months following botulinum toxin injection, and at 6 months following surgery, with an additional peak-effect evaluation for botulinum toxin at week 5.\nResults: The surgery group demonstrated significantly greater reductions in composite Modified Ashworth Scale scores, with a mean change of 2.7 (SD 0.8), compared to the botulinum toxin group (1.1, SD 0.6 at peak; 0.3, SD 0.5 at long-term; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Surgery also led to significantly larger improvements in range of motion, grip strength, task performance, and patient satisfaction. While botulinum toxin effects were transient, surgery provided sustained benefits.\nConclusion: Spasticity-corrective surgery achieves superior and longer-lasting benefits compared to botulinum toxin treatment in patients with disabling upper limb spasticity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2340\/jrm-cc.v8.42928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T01:52:48Z","timestamp":1747014768000},"page":"jrmcc42928","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-term efficacy of spasticity-corrective surgery and botulinum toxin injections for upper limb spasticity treatment"],"prefix":"10.2340","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Therese","family":"Ramstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Wangdell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carina","family":"Reinholdt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trandur","family":"Ulfarsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Bunketorp K\u00e4ll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1183","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"110459","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mayer NH, Esquenazi A. 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