{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T05:22:51Z","timestamp":1771046571286,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MJS Publishing, Medical Journals Sweden AB","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747267200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JRM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Because employees with low educational levels have the highest rates of sick leave, this study aimed to identify the self-perceived return-to-work barriers of employees with low educational levels on long-term sick leave.\nMethods: Employees on long-term sick leave with primary\/secondary educational attainment were included from the NOW WHAT large-scale interview study (n\u2009=\u2009122). The World Health Organization\u2019s system of classifying functioning, disability, and health guided the deductive content analysis.\nResults: 1,942 meaning units describing return-to-work barriers across all classifications were identified. The most frequent components were body functions (n\u2009=\u2009552, 28%, mean\u2009=\u20094.5), with mental functions (e.g., sleep, tiredness, emotional and cognitive functioning) the most frequent barriers; environmental factors (n\u2009=\u2009414, 21%, mean\u2009=\u20093.4), with services, systems ,and policies (e.g., social security, healthcare system) the most prevalent barriers; activity limitations (n\u2009=\u2009352, 18%, mean\u2009=\u20092.9); and personal factors (n\u2009=\u2009323, 17%, mean\u2009=\u20092.6).\nConclusion: Employees with low educational levels on long-term sick leave described a wide range of return-to-work barriers and combinations thereof. In addition to health-related functional barriers, identifying environmental, activity-limitation, and personal barriers is important to enhance understanding of this group\u2019s potential determinants of absence from work.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2340\/jrm.v57.40604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T05:11:51Z","timestamp":1747372311000},"page":"jrm40604","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Self-perceived barriers to returning to work among employees with a low educational level on long-term sick leave: the \u201cNOW WHAT\u201d large-scale interview study"],"prefix":"10.2340","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Linn V.","family":"Lervik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Frostestad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kine","family":"Str\u00f8mstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ida G.","family":"Gulliksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Lillefjell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens C.","family":"Skogen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elin","family":"Ekbladh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randi W.","family":"Aas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1183","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"111763","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Noordt M, IJzelenberg H, Droomers M, Proper KI. 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