{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T08:46:19Z","timestamp":1782809179509,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MJS Publishing, Medical Journals Sweden AB","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JRM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Greater mobility independence after spinal cord injury is thought to lead to better long-term outcomes. However, evidence is inconclusive for ambulation compared with wheelchair dependency. This study aimed to describe and compare long-term outcomes across mobility levels in individuals with spinal cord injury.\nDesign: Cross-sectional survey.\nSubjects: Community-dwelling individuals with spinal cord injury in the Netherlands.\nMethods: Data were collected via the Dutch arm of the International Spinal Cord Injury (InSCI-NL) Survey (2018). Mobility level was assessed using the modified Spinal Cord Independence Measure-Self-Report. Long-term outcomes were compared across mobility levels, using generalised linear models. \nResults: 253 participants were included with a mean (standard deviation) age of 58.7 (13.6) years and median [interquartile range] time since injury of 10 [5.0\u201322.0] years. Electric wheelchair users reported lower functional independence, and more participation problems and secondary health conditions compared with manual wheelchair users (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Ambulatory individuals using walking aids reported no better outcomes than manual wheelchair users, except for functional independence (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Ambulatory individuals without walking aids reported more paid work than those with walking aids (62.7% vs 34.3%, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\nConclusion: In general, electric wheelchair users reported the least favourable long-term outcomes. Remarkably, ambulatory individuals using walking aids generally did not report better outcomes than manual wheelchair users.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2340\/jrm.v58.44939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T08:13:49Z","timestamp":1782807229000},"page":"jrm44939","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ambulatory individuals with spinal cord injury using walking aids generally do not report better long-term outcomes than wheelchair users: results from the InSCI-NL survey"],"prefix":"10.2340","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Marthe C.G.","family":"Langerwerf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0729-6778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"Postma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6793-691X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janneke","family":"Stolwijk-Swuste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marga","family":"Tepper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2982-4404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majanka","family":"Heijenbrok-Kal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2205-9404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcel","family":"Post","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6433-3398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita J.G.","family":"Van den Berg-Emons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9809-7311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rutger","family":"Osterthun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1183","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"160984","unstructured":"Bickenbach J, Officer A, Shakespeare T, von Groote P, World Health Organization. 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