{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T15:10:19Z","timestamp":1774278619266,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MJS Publishing, Medical Journals Sweden AB","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JRM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To compare characteristics of people with persisting post-concussion symptoms in a sample referred for treatment and in a sample from a prospective research study.\nDesign: Observational study.\nSubjects: Participants, aged 18\u201360 years, with persisting post-concussion symptoms 3\u201318 months after mild head injury, 92 with mild traumatic brain injury followed from the emergency department (\u201cprospective emergency department sample\u201d) and 106 patients with either mild traumatic brain injury or minimal head injury, referred to an outpatient rehabilitation clinic (\u201cclinical rehabilitation sample\u201d).\nMethods: Persisting post-concussion symptoms were defined as having British Columbia Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory scores indicating at least moderate persisting post-concussion symptoms and\/or Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ) scores \u2265\u200912. Symptoms, functional outcome, work\/school participation, resilience, and fatigue were examined at 3\u201318 months post injury.\nResults: Compared with the prospective emergency department sample, the clinical rehabilitation sample had higher education, higher RPQ scores (30 vs 17), lower Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended scores (median 6 vs 7), and more had not returned to work or school (43% vs 18%).\nConclusion: Treatment-seeking patients with persisting post-concussion symptoms differed in clinically important ways from people who developed persisting post-concussion symptoms in an emergency department-based mild traumatic brain injury study. Results from studies of mild traumatic brain injury seen in the emergency department may not generalize to patients seeking specialized treatment for persisting post-concussion symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2340\/jrm.v58.45004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T14:22:38Z","timestamp":1774275758000},"page":"jrm45004","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparing people with persisting post-concussion symptoms from an emergency department-based research sample with patients in a clinical rehabilitation sample: an explorative, retrospective analysis"],"prefix":"10.2340","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Maria I.","family":"Sandboe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Fordal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grant L.","family":"Iverson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helge","family":"Skirbekk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mille","family":"M\u00f8ller Thastum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f8rgen","family":"F\u00e6ldb\u00e6k Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simen","family":"Berg Saksvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toril","family":"Skandsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1183","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"146101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cancelliere C, Verville L, Stubbs JL, Yu H, Hincapi\u00e9 CA, Cassidy JD, et al. 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Post-concussion symptoms in complicated vs uncomplicated mild traumatic brain injury patients at three and six months post-injury: results from the CENTER-TBI Study. J Clin Med 2019; 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8111921"},{"key":"146105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karaliute M, Saksvik SB, Smevik H, Follestad T, Einarsen C, Vik A, et al. Methodology matters: comparing approaches for defining persistent symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury. Neurotrauma Reports 2021; 2: 603\u2013617.","DOI":"10.1089\/neur.2021.0028"},{"key":"146106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lubbers VF, van den Hoven DJ, van der Naalt J, Jellema K, van den Brand C, et al. Emergency department risk factors for post-concussion syndrome after mild traumatic brain injury: a systematic review. 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The epidemiology of mild traumatic brain injury: the Trondheim MTBI follow-up study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2018; 26: 34.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-018-0495-0"},{"key":"146114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Und\u00e9n J, Ingebrigtsen T, Romner B, the Scandinavian Neurotrauma C. Scandinavian guidelines for initial -management of minimal, mild and moderate head injuries in adults: an evidence and consensus-based update. BMC Med 2013; 11: 50.","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-50"},{"key":"146115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Menon DK, Schwab K, Wright DW, Maas AI. Position statement: definition of traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2010; 91: 1637\u20131640.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.05.017"},{"key":"146116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carroll LJ, Cassidy JD, Holm L, Kraus J, Coronado VG. 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