{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:39:23Z","timestamp":1790095163216,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MJS Publishing, Medical Journals Sweden AB","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JRM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) is associated with persistent cognitive dysfunction and fatigue, but limited evidence is available regarding long-term outcomes beyond one year.\nDesign: Longitudinal follow-up assessment.\nPatients: Patients who had been previously hospitalized or treated in primary care after COVID-19 infection.\nMethods: Cognitive performance (WAIS-III subtests, Rey Complex Figure, RAVLT, and D2 Test of Attention) and fatigue (MFI-20 and MFS) were examined in 82 participants at 18 months post-infection; 59 of these participants were reassessed at 36 months. Activity limitations were evaluated using structured interviews.\nResults: At 18 months, the scores on most cognitive tests were significantly below expected premorbid levels (mean differences: 7\u201317 T-points). At 36 months, deficits persisted in most domains, with only WAIS Matrices and D2 KL showing modest improvement (Cohen\u2019s d: ~0.4). Fatigue remained high across all dimensions of MFI-20, and 75\u201378% of patients exceeding the mental fatigue cut-off of MFS. Self-reported cognitive impact and activity limitations showed minimal change over time.\nConclusions: Post-COVID-19 cognitive dysfunction and fatigue remain prevalent for up to three years post-infection, particularly affecting attention, processing speed, and working memory. These deficits pose substantial barriers to daily functioning and return to work, highlighting the need for targeted rehabilitation strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2340\/jrm.v58.45473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T13:51:42Z","timestamp":1785765102000},"page":"jrm45473","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Neuropsychological consequences three years post-covid-19 are persistent and have great impact on everyday activities"],"prefix":"10.2340","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2194-6773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann","family":"Bj\u00f6rkdahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerry","family":"Larsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1183","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"164522","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Invernizzi A, Renzetti S, van Thriel C, Rechtman E, Patrono A, Ambrosi C, et al. 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Longitudinal clinical features of Post-COVID-19 patients: symptoms, fatigue and physical function at 3- and 6-month follow-up. J Clin Med 2023; 12: 3966.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12123966"},{"key":"164526","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soriano JB, Murthy S, Marshall JC, Relan P, Diaz JV. A clinical case definition of post-COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus. Lancet Infect Dis 2022; 22(4): e102\u2013e7.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00703-9"},{"key":"164527","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villar JC, Gumisiriza N, Abreu LG, Maude RJ, Colebunders R. Defining post-COVID condition. Lancet Infect Dis 2022; 22(3): 316\u2013317.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00060-3"},{"key":"164528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bygdell M, Leach S, Lundberg L, Gyll D, Martikainen J, Santosa A, et al. A comprehensive characterization of patients diagnosed with post-COVID-19 condition in Sweden 16 months after the introduction of the International Classification of Diseases Tenth Revision diagnosis code (U09.9): a populat-ion-based cohort study. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 126: 104\u2013113.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.11.021"},{"key":"164529","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daugherty SE, Guo Y, Heath K, Dasmari\u00f1as MC, Jubilo KG, Samranvedhya J, et al. Risk of clinical sequelae after the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 in-fection: retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2021; 373: n1098.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n1098"},{"key":"164530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Augustin M, Schommers P, Stecher M, Dewald F, Gieselmann L, Gruell H, et al. Post-COVID syndrome in non-hospitalised patients with COVID-19: a longitudinal prospective cohort study. 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