{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T03:23:56Z","timestamp":1787887436774,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MJS Publishing, Medical Journals Sweden AB","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SJU"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: [18F]-FDG positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET\/CT) allows the non-invasive assessment of inguinal lymph node (ILN) status in penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC). The aim of this study was to assess if the diagnostic accuracy of PET\/CT was influenced by the human papillomavirus (HPV) status of the tumor.\r\nMethods: This retrospective study included 81 treatment-na\u00efve patients with PSCC who underwent surgery between 2010 and 2024 and had a PET\/CT before ILN surgery. Inguinal results were compared with histopathology (n = 72) or follow-up findings (n = 9), stratified by HPV status.\r\nResults: HPV DNA was detected in tumor tissue from 41 (51%) patients. The sensitivity and specificity of PET\/CT to detect an ILN metastasis were 83% (69%\u201393%) and 68% (58%\u201376%), with no significant differences when stratified by HPV status (both P &gt; 0.8). In multivariable logistic regression, after adjustment for the clinical nodal stage, the timing of PET\/CT (before or after penile surgery), number of FDG-positive ILNs, the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the ILNs and HPV status, SUVmax remained associated with ILN metastasis (OR 1.18, 95% CI: (1.05\u20131.38), P = 0.023). There was, however, no significant interaction between HPV status and SUVmax (P = 0.57).\r\nConclusions: The diagnostic accuracy of [18F]-FDG PET\/CT regarding preoperative detection of ILN metastasis was not associated with the HPV status in penile cancer. These findings indicate that HPV status does not need to be considered when interpreting the inguinal findings of preoperative PET\/CT scans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2340\/sju.v60.45027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T12:16:17Z","timestamp":1765887377000},"page":"229-234","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association between human papillomavirus status and the accuracy of [18F]-FDG PET\/CT for detecting inguinal metastasis in penile cancer"],"prefix":"10.2340","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0437-0600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ida Marie","family":"Nordanger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torjan Magne","family":"Haslerud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0420-2585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfred","family":"Honor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3032-6883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tor Kristian","family":"Thorkelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4253-1283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Julieb\u00f8-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7673-0358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela Elena","family":"Costea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3613-8186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellen","family":"Berget","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3216-4937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Beisland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8356-0526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Arvei Moen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1183","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"135817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas A, Necchi A, Muneer A, et al. Penile cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021;7:11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-021-00246-5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00246-5"},{"key":"135818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cubilla AL, Velazquez EF, Amin MB, et al. The World Health Organisation 2016 classification of penile carcinomas: a review and update from the International Society of Urological Pathology expert-driven recommendations. Histopathology. 2018;72:893\u2013904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/his.13429","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13429"},{"key":"135819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sachdeva A, McGuinness L, Zapala L, et al. Management of lymph node-positive penile cancer: a systematic review. Eur Urol. 2024;85:257\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2023.04.018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2023.04.018"},{"key":"135820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brouwer OR, Albersen M, Parnham A, et al. European Association of Urology\u2013American Society of Clinical Oncology Collaborative Guideline on Penile Cancer: 2023 Update. Eur Urol. 2023;83:548\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2023.02.027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2023.02.027"},{"key":"135821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gopman JM, Djajadiningrat RS, Baumgarten AS, et al. Predicting postoperative complications of inguinal lymph node dissection for penile cancer in an international multicentre cohort. BJU Int. 2015;116:196\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bju.13009","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13009"},{"key":"135822","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wever L, de Vries HM, Dell\u2019Oglio P, et al. Incidence and risk factor analysis of complications after sentinel node biopsy for penile cancer. BJU Int. 2022;130:486\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bju.15725","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.15725"},{"key":"135823","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ottenhof SR, Vegt E. The role of PET\/CT imaging in penile cancer. Transl Androl Urol. 2017;6:833\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/tau.2017.04.36","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2017.04.36"},{"key":"135824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sadeghi R, Gholami H, Zakavi SR, et al. Accuracy of 18F-FDG PET\/CT for diagnosing inguinal lymph node involvement in penile squamous cell carcinoma: systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Clin Nucl Med. 2012;37:436\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/RLU.0b013e318238f6ea","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0b013e318238f6ea"},{"key":"135825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jakobsen JK, Frahm Nielsen T, Ipsen P, et al. DaPeCa-7: comparative assessment of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography\/computed tomography (CT) and conventional diagnostic CT in diagnosis of lymph node metastases, distant metastases and incidental findings in patients with invasive penile cancer. BJU Int. 2021;127:254\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bju.15206","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.15206"},{"key":"135826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee SW, Kim SJ. Diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET\/CT for lymph node staging in penile cancer. Clin Nucl Med. 2022;47:402\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/RLU.0000000000004081","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000004081"},{"key":"135827","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vandermaesen K, Elst L, Defraigne C, et al. The prognostic role of HPV status in penile squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Impot Res. 2025;37:782\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41443-025-01145-z","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-025-01145-z"},{"key":"135828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moen CA, Falkenthal TE, Thorkelsen TK, et al. Penile cancers attributed to human papillomavirus are associated with improved survival for node-positive patients. Findings from a Norwegian Cohort Study Spanning 50 years. Eur Urol Oncol. 2024;7:778\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euo.2023.10.013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2023.10.013"},{"key":"135829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nordanger IM, Beisland C, Thorkelsen TK, et al. The prognostic value of human papillomavirus status in penile cancer: outcomes from a Norwegian cohort study. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2024;22:102127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clgc.2024.102127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2024.102127"},{"key":"135830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brierley J, Gospodarowicz MK, Wittekind C. TNM classification of malignant tumours. Chichester, UK: Wiley; 2017.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780471420194.tnmc26.pub3"},{"key":"135831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amy Berrington de G, Cox DR. Interpretation of interaction: a review. Ann Appl Stat. 2007;1:371\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1214\/07-AOAS124","DOI":"10.1214\/07-AOAS124"},{"key":"135832","unstructured":"R Core Team_. R: A language and environment for statistical ting [Internet]. Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing V; 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/ [Cited date October 17, 2025]"},{"key":"135833","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leijte JA, Graafland NM, Valdes Olmos RA, et al. Prospective evaluation of hybrid 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography\/computed tomography in staging clinically node-negative patients with penile carcinoma. BJU Int. 2009;104:640\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.08450.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.08450.x"},{"key":"135834","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Souillac I, Rigaud J, Ansquer C, et al. Prospective evaluation of (18)F- fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computerized tomography to assess inguinal lymph node status in invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. J Urol. 2012;187:493\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2011.10.033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.10.033"},{"key":"135835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schlenker B, Scher B, Tiling R, et al. Detection of inguinal lymph node involvement in penile squamous cell carcinoma by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET\/CT: a prospective single- center study. Urol Oncol. 2012;30:55\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2011.10.033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2009.10.012"},{"key":"135836","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hughes B, Leijte J, Shabbir M, et al. Non-invasive and minimally invasive staging of regional lymph nodes in penile cancer. World J Urol. 2009;27:197\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00345-008-0288-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-008-0288-6"},{"key":"135837","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mirvald C, Garaz R, Sinescu I, et al. Current role of PET CT in staging and management of penile cancers. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(16), 4879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20944\/preprints202407.0356.v1","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13164879"},{"key":"135838","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salazar A, Junior EP, Salles PGO, et al. (18)F-FDG PET\/CT as a prognostic factor in penile cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2019;46:855\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-018-4128-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-018-4128-7"},{"key":"135839","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ottenhof SR, Djajadiningrat RS, Versleijen MWJ, et al. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography has high diagnostic value for pelvic and distant staging in patients with high-risk penile carcinoma. Eur Urol Focus. 2022;8:98\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euf.2021.02.012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.02.012"},{"key":"135840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bandini M, Ross JS, Zhu Y, et al. Association between human papillomavirus infection and outcome of perioperative nodal radiotherapy for penile carcinoma. Eur Urol Oncol. 2021;4:802\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euo.2020.10.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2020.10.011"},{"key":"135841","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bezerra SM, Chaux A, Ball MW, et al. Human papillomavirus infection and immunohistochemical p16(INK4a) expression as predictors of outcome in penile squamous cell carcinomas. Hum Pathol. 2015;46:532\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humpath.2014.12.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2014.12.004"},{"key":"135842","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Djajadiningrat RS, Jordanova ES, Kroon BK, et al. Human papillomavirus prevalence in invasive penile cancer and association with clinical outcome. J Urol. 2015;193:526\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2014.08.087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.08.087"},{"key":"135843","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu J, Cui Y, Liu P, et al. Predictors of inguinal lymph node metastasis in penile cancer patients: a meta-analysis of retrospective studies. Cancer Manag Res. 2019;11:6425\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CMAR.S206579","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S206579"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Urology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/medicaljournalssweden.se\/SJU\/article\/download\/45027\/52310","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/medicaljournalssweden.se\/SJU\/article\/download\/45027\/52310","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T12:16:22Z","timestamp":1765887382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/medicaljournalssweden.se\/SJU\/article\/view\/45027"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"references-count":27,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/sju.v60.45027","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-1813"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-1813","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]}}}