{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T18:55:53Z","timestamp":1784919353693,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Operative Dentistry","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>This paper assesses the effects of light characteristics and irradiation time on the Vickers microhardness (VH) of a dual-photoinitiator commercial composite and on temperature increase in the pulp chamber (\u0394T). Four recent light-emitting diodes (LEDs)\u2014bluephaseG2 (BG2), bluephase16i (B16i), G-Light (G) and Freelight2 (F2)\u2014and one control halogen light (XL3000\u2013X) were tested on two shades of Tetric EvoCeram (A2 and Bleach XL), whose respective commercial formulations differed based on their concentration of camphorquinone and lucirin TPO. Three different irradiation times were applied\u2014 10, 20 and 40 seconds\u2014and VH was measured on the upper and lower surfaces of 2-mm thick samples. The \u0394T was measured by using a K-type thermocouple inserted into the pulp chamber of a molar that had been prepared to obtain a 2-mm thickness of dentin. The measurements were made either during polymerization of a 2 mm composite (Shade A2 or Bleach) or with an empty mold. The data were analyzed with the two-way ANOVA (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05) test. For shade A2, all but one irradiation condition (F2\u201310 seconds, lower surface) generated VH values that were statistically equal to or better than the standard chosen for this study (X\u201340 seconds). For Bleach shade, the VH values obtained with G and BG2\u201320 and 40 seconds were statistically comparable to X\u201340 seconds for both the upper and lower surfaces. This was not the case with either G and BG2\u201310 seconds or for all the procedures with other LCUs for which a VH of at least one of the surfaces was significantly lower than the reference. The results also highlight differences between the two material shades, whether the upper or lower surface is considered. Regarding temperature measurements for shade A2, B16i\u201320\u201340 seconds, BG2\u201340 seconds and G\u201340 seconds induced significantly higher \u0394Ts (3.98, 5.98, 5.21 and 4.95, respectively) than X\u201340 seconds (3.09). For Bleach shade, B16i\u201320 and 40 seconds, F2\u201320 and 40 seconds, BG2\u201340 seconds and G\u201340 seconds generated \u0394Ts significantly higher than the control values (2.70, 4.05, 3.03, 4.58, 2.74 and 2.44, respectively). The \u0394T values obtained with uncovered tooth were generally higher than those obtained with a 2-mm layer of composite. In conclusion, this research emphasizes that a perfect correspondence between light and material spectra is of prime concern, both to insure optimal polymerization and to limit heating in the pulp chamber. Some reduction in curing time is possible, but only within certain limits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2341\/09-203-l","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,23]],"date-time":"2010-03-23T09:51:43Z","timestamp":1269337903000},"page":"220-230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Pulpal-temperature Rise and Polymerization Efficiency of LED Curing Lights"],"prefix":"10.2341","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Leprince","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Devaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Mullier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Vreven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Leloup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1188","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"i1559-2863-35-2-220-b1","series-title":"Dental Materials","first-page":"576","article-title":"The initiating radical yields and the efficiency of polymerization for various dental photoinitiators excited by different light curing units.","volume":"22","year":"2006","unstructured":"Neumann, M. 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