{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T16:37:37Z","timestamp":1788194257685,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Operative Dentistry","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine microleakage of posterior Class I and II restorations using the SonicFill composite resin system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Materials<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty previously extracted third molars were randomly assigned to four preparation\/restoration groups (n=20): Group A: Class I preparations restored with SonicFill system\/bulk fill; Group B: Class II preparations restored with SonicFill system\/bulk fill; Group C: Class I preparations restored with Herculite Ultra composite resin\/incremental technique; and Group D: Class II preparations restored with Herculite Ultra composite resin\/incremental technique. Class I preparations were approximately 3.0 mm in width buccolingually and 3.0 mm in depth. Class II preparations were approximately 3.0 mm in width buccolingually, 1.5 mm in axial depth, and 4.0 mm in gingival depth. In all groups, the enamel and dentin surfaces were conditioned with Kerr 37.5% phosphoric acid, followed by application of Optibond Solo Plus adhesive system. Following restoration, the specimens were thermocycled, immersed in methylene blue dye, and embedded in acrylic resin. Specimen blocks were sectioned in the mesiodistal direction, with marginal dye penetration (microleakage) examined using a 20\u00d7 binocular microscope. Class I and II restoration microleakage was scored separately using a 0-3 ordinal ranking system. Statistical analyses were conducted using nonparametric testing at the p &amp;lt; 0.05 level of significance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significantly less microleakage was associated with both Class I restorative groups (A and C), SonicFill bulk fill and Herculite Ultra incremental fill, compared to the Class II restorative groups (B and D), SonicFill\/bulk fill and Herculite Ultra\/incremental fill.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>According to the results of this study, the materials (SonicFill vs Herculite Ultra), C-factors, and insertion techniques (bulk vs incremental) did not appear to be significant influences with regard to marginal microleakage; however, the type of preparation cavity (Class I vs Class II) and the subsequent bonding surface (enamel vs dentin [cementum]) proved to be significant factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2341\/15-006-l","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,3]],"date-time":"2015-08-03T15:59:03Z","timestamp":1438617543000},"page":"653-661","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Microleakage of Class I and II Composite Resin Restorations Using a Sonic-resin Placement System"],"prefix":"10.2341","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Kalmowicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jeffrey Kalmowicz, DDS, assistant professor, Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center (UTHSC), College of Dentistry, Memphis, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JG","family":"Phebus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jeffrey G Phebus, DDS, associate professor, Department of Endodontics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center (UTHSC), College of Dentistry, Memphis, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BM","family":"Owens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Barry M Owens, DDS, professor, Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center (UTHSC), College of Dentistry, Memphis, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WW","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"William W Johnson DDS, MS, professor, Department of Adult Restorative Dentistry\/Biomaterials Group, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GT","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grant T. 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