{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T06:43:41Z","timestamp":1769841821586,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Operative Dentistry","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Secondary caries at the tooth-resin interface is the primary reason for replacement of resin composite restorations. The tooth-resin interface is formed by the interlocking of resin material with hydroxyapatite crystals in enamel and collagen mesh structure in dentin. Efforts to strengthen the tooth-resin interface have identified chemical agents with dentin collagen cross-linking potential and antimicrobial activities. The purpose of the present study was to assess protective effects of bioactive primer against secondary caries development around enamel and dentin margins of class V restorations, using an in vitro bacterial caries model. Class V composite restorations were prepared on 60 bovine teeth (n=15) with pretreatment of the cavity walls with control buffer solution, an enriched fraction of grape seed extract (e-GSE), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl)-carbodiimide\/N-hydroxysuccinimide, or chlorhexidine digluconate. After incubating specimens in a bacterial model with Streptococcus mutans for four days, dentin and enamel were assessed by fluorescence microscopy. Results revealed that only the naturally occurring product, e-GSE, significantly inhibited the development of secondary caries immediately adjacent to the dentin-resin interface, as indicated by the caries inhibition zone. No inhibitory effects were observed in enamel margins. The results suggest that the incorporation of e-GSE into components of the adhesive system may inhibit secondary caries and potentially contribute to the protection of highly vulnerable dentin-resin margins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2341\/16-107-l","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,28]],"date-time":"2016-11-28T10:23:42Z","timestamp":1480328622000},"page":"196-202","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Effect of Bioactive Primers on Bacterial-Induced Secondary Caries at the Tooth-Resin Interface"],"prefix":"10.2341","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"GE","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Go Eun Kim, DDS, MS, Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"AA","family":"Leme-Kraus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ariene Arcas Leme-Kraus, DDS, PhD, Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Phansalkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rasika Phansalkar, BS, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Viana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grace Viana, MS, Orthodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Christine Wu, PhD, Pediatric Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S-N","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shao-Nong Chen, PhD, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 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