{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T05:47:38Z","timestamp":1785217658248,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Operative Dentistry","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an innovative double-layer, single-application desensitizing\/whitening technique of potassium nitrate (PN) and hydrogen peroxide (HP) diffusion at different time points.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Methods and Materials<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Specimens were prepared from extracted caries-free human molars (n=90). Teeth were randomly assigned into four groups: Group A (HP CTRL) treated with 25% HP for 45 minutes, group B (PN CTRL) received a single-layer treatment of 5% PN for 45 minutes, group C received the double-layer treatment of 5% PN and 25% HP for 45 minutes, and group D received a 3% PN incorporated in a 40% HP gel for 45 minutes. PN and HP concentrations were measured at 5, 15, 30, and 45 minutes using standard chemical kits. Group comparisons were made using a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Pairwise tests for differences in diffusion were done, using the Tukey adjustment of p values for multiple comparisons. A significance level of 5% was used.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Group A showed no significant difference in HP diffusion rates between the 5- and 15-minute, 15- and 30-minute, or 30- and 45-minute time points; group D showed a similar trend; however, group C differed significantly at the 5-and 15-minute time points (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.0004), at the 15-and 30-minute time points (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.0026), and the 30- and 45-minute time points (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.0014). For PN diffusion, groups B and C had significantly different levels at the 15-, 30-, and 45-minute time points (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.0005, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.0002, and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.0001, respectively); and at the 15-, 30-, and 45-minute time points, groups D and C had significantly different PN diffusion (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.0327, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.0004, and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.0001, respectively). Group C had significantly different PN diffusion at the 5- and 15-minute time points (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.0004), the 15- and 30-minute time points (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.0026), and at the 30- and 45-minute time points (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.0014).<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The double-layer technique showed superior diffusion of PN into the pulp chamber and did not affect the diffusion of HP when compared to other techniques. The double-layer technique may be suggested as an alternative tooth-whitening treatment to minimize tooth sensitivity.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2341\/21-006-l","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T12:55:36Z","timestamp":1654606536000},"page":"357-365","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Time Frame Analysis of Potassium Nitrate and Hydrogen Peroxide Diffusion into the Pulp Chamber"],"prefix":"10.2341","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Alshehri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Abdullah Alshehri, BDS, MS, PhD, Conservative Dental Department, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Kolker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Justine Kolker, DDS, MS, PhD, College of Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erica Teixeira, DDS, MS. 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