{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:56:40Z","timestamp":1789732600418,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Operative Dentistry","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>This case report describes a combination treatment composed of tooth whitening, microabrasion, resin infiltration, and resin-based composite restoration to manage multifactorial stained enamel lesions on anterior teeth.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Clinical Considerations<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The patient\u2019s primary concern was to improve the esthetics of their smile after about a decade of extensive orthodontic and orthognathic procedures. After clinical evaluation and history taking, the authors determined that the enamel defects were the result of carious and developmental factors. In-office tooth whitening took place in one visit, followed by micro abrasion and resin infiltration in another visit. Thirteen months later, a follow-up visit showed that the results were stable and that the patient was satisfied with the overall outcome. A small resin composite restoration was added at the follow up visit to repair a previous restoration and to reestablish the facial contours of the central incisor.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>A combination treatment protocol composed of tooth whitening, microabrasion, and resin infiltration can improve patient satisfaction and avoid unnecessary invasive treatment.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2341\/22-087-t","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T15:36:14Z","timestamp":1680622574000},"page":"251-257","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Management of Multifactorial Stained Enamel Defects on Anterior Dentition Using a Combination Treatment of Whitening, Microabrasion, Resin Infiltration and Resin-based Composite Restoration"],"prefix":"10.2341","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Alkhazaleh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ahmad Alkhazaleh, BDS, MS, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Tsujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Akimasa Tsujimoto, DDS, PhD, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1188","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"i1559-2863-48-3-251-b1","series-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","first-page":"740","article-title":"Laypeople\u2019s perceptions of frontal smile esthetics: A systematic review","volume":"150","year":"2016","unstructured":"Parrini\n              S\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRossiniG,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCastroflorioT,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFortiniA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDeregibusA, 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