{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:31:29Z","timestamp":1790555489687,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Operative Dentistry","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the enamel remineralization efficacy of enamel matrix derivative (<jats:bold>EMD<\/jats:bold>), experimental bioactive glass (<jats:bold>BAG<\/jats:bold>), and fluoride varnish <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Methods and Materials:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Artificial initial caries lesions were developed on fifty human enamel specimens using demineralization solution (pH 4.5, 37\u00b0C, 96 hours). Specimens were randomly assigned to five groups (n=10): I-5% NaF varnish (Enamelast), II-experimental 58S5 BAG+37% phosphoric acid (PA), III-EMD (Emdogain) + Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA), IV-EMD+37% PA, V-Control (untreated). All remineralization agents were applied with pH cycling for seven days. The specimens were scanned by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) at baseline, at demineralization, and after pH cycling. Lesion depths were measured using image analysis software (ImageJ). Lesions were evaluated using surface microhardness (SMH) and two fluorescence methods (FluoreCam and DIAGNOdent Pen [DDPen]). The data were statistically analyzed by Kruskal Wallis, Friedman, and Wilcoxon tests (\u03b1=0.05).<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>According to SD-OCT results, fluoride varnish was found to be the most effective agent in reducing lesion depth (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.005). All agents increased the SMH values after pH cycling. No significant difference was found among fluoride varnish, BAG, and EMD+PA groups. These SMH values were significantly higher than EMD+EDTA and control groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001). All groups showed lower DDPen scores compared with the control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), however, no significant difference was found among the remineralization agents. In FluoreCam assessment, size and intensity values of all treated groups showed improvement. However, there was no significant difference between the treatment groups in terms of FluoreCam size measurements (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.186).<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>58S5 BAG and EMD+PA have remineralization capacity as effective as fluoride varnish. EMD+PA showed better SMH and lesion intensity results than EMD+EDTA.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2341\/23-102-l","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T00:08:54Z","timestamp":1716941334000},"page":"353-363","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Enamel Matrix Derivative, 58S5 Bioactive Glass, and Fluoride Varnish for Enamel Remineralization: A Multi-analysis Approach"],"prefix":"10.2341","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"A Sarialioglu","family":"Gungor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Ayca Sarialogu Gungor, DDS, MSc, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Galata University, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Dalk\u0131l\u0131\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evrim Dalk\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Alkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elif Alkan, DDS, MSc, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Y\u0131lmaz-Atal\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P Y\u0131lmaz-Atal\u0131, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Ta\u011ftekin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dilek Ta\u011ftekin, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1188","reference":[{"issue":"10194","key":"b1","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"249","article-title":"Oral diseases: A global public health challenge","volume":"394","author":"Peres\n              MA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Peres\n              MA\n            , MacphersonLMD, WeyantRJ, DalyB, VenturelliR, MathurMR, ListlS, CelesteRK, Guarnizo-HerrenoCC, KearnsC, BenzianH, AllisonP, & WattRG (2019) Oral diseases: A global public health challengeLancet394(10194) 249-260."},{"issue":"Spec No C","key":"b2","series-title":"Journal of Dental Research","first-page":"C35","article-title":"What constitutes dental caries? Histopathology of carious enamel and dentin related to the action of cariogenic biofilms","volume":"83","author":"Kidd\n              EA","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kidd\n              EA\n             & FejerskovO (2004) What constitutes dental caries? Histopathology of carious enamel and dentin related to the action of cariogenic biofilmsJournal of Dental Research83(Spec No C) C35-C38."},{"issue":"4","key":"b3","series-title":"Clinical Oral Investigations","first-page":"3373","article-title":"Efficacy of nano-hydroxyapatite on caries prevention-A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Wierichs\n              RJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wierichs\n              RJ\n            , WolfTG, CampusG, & CarvalhoTS (2022) Efficacy of nano-hydroxyapatite on caries prevention-A systematic review and meta-analysisClinical Oral Investigations26(4) 3373-3381."},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Open Dentistry Journal","first-page":"158","article-title":"A review on prevention and treatment of post-orthodontic white spot lesions-Evidence-based methods and emerging technologies","volume":"5","author":"Bergstrand\n              F","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bergstrand\n              F\n             & TwetmanS (2011) A review on prevention and treatment of post-orthodontic white spot lesions-Evidence-based methods and emerging technologiesOpen Dentistry Journal5158-162."},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Journal of Dentistry","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effectiveness of professional fluorides against enamel white spot lesions during fixed orthodontic treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"82","author":"Sardana\n              D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sardana\n              D\n            , ZhangJ, EkambaramM, YangY, McGrathCP, & YiuCKY (2019) Effectiveness of professional fluorides against enamel white spot lesions during fixed orthodontic treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysisJournal of Dentistry821-10."},{"issue":"1","key":"b6","series-title":"Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry","first-page":"70","article-title":"Management of post orthodontic white spot lesions using resin infiltration and CPP-ACP materials - A clinical study","volume":"46","author":"Simon\n              LS","year":"2022","unstructured":"Simon\n              LS\n            , DashJK, DeepikaU, PhilipS, & SarangiS (2022) Management of post orthodontic white spot lesions using resin infiltration and CPP-ACP materials - A clinical studyJournal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry46(1) 70-74."},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Journal of Dentistry","first-page":"103663","article-title":"Characterization of a novel enamel sealer for bioactive remineralization of white spot lesions","volume":"109","author":"Abbassy\n              MA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abbassy\n              MA\n            , BakryAS, AlmoabadyEH, AlmusallySM, & HassanAH (2021) Characterization of a novel enamel sealer for bioactive remineralization of white spot lesionsJournal of Dentistry109103663. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdent.2021.103663"},{"issue":"2","key":"b8","series-title":"Microscopy Research and Technique","first-page":"807","article-title":"Remineralization potential of P11-4 and fluoride on secondary carious primary enamel: A quantitative evaluation using microcomputed tomography","volume":"85","author":"Ozdemir\n              S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ozdemir\n              S\n            , TaranPK, MammadliN, AltinovaIS, & GaziogluI (2022) Remineralization potential of P11-4 and fluoride on secondary carious primary enamel: A quantitative evaluation using microcomputed tomographyMicroscopy Research and Technique85(2) 807-812."},{"key":"b9","series-title":"BMC Oral Health","first-page":"12","article-title":"Caries remineralisation and arresting effect in children by professionally applied fluoride treatment - A systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Gao\n              SS","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gao\n              SS\n            , ZhangS, MeiML, LoEC, & ChuCH (2016) Caries remineralisation and arresting effect in children by professionally applied fluoride treatment - A systematic reviewBMC Oral Health1612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-016-0171-6"},{"issue":"2","key":"b10","series-title":"European Journal of Orthodontics","first-page":"132","article-title":"Comparative assessment of conventional and light-curable fluoride varnish in the prevention of enamel demineralization during fixed appliance therapy: A split-mouth randomized controlled trial","volume":"40","author":"Shah\n              M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shah\n              M\n            , ParamshivamG, MehtaA, SinghS, ChughA, PrasharA, & ChughVK (2018) Comparative assessment of conventional and light-curable fluoride varnish in the prevention of enamel demineralization during fixed appliance therapy: A split-mouth randomized controlled trialEuropean Journal of Orthodontics40(2) 132-139."},{"issue":"1","key":"b11","series-title":"BMC Oral Health","first-page":"49","article-title":"Remineralising effect of 45S5 bioactive glass on artificial caries in dentine","volume":"20","author":"Wu\n              Q","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu\n              Q\n            , MeiML, WuX, ShiS, XuY, ChuCH, & ChenY (2020) Remineralising effect of 45S5 bioactive glass on artificial caries in dentineBMC Oral Health20(1) 49. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-020-1038-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"b12","series-title":"BMC Oral Health","first-page":"103","article-title":"Impact of transparent tray-based application of bioactive glasses desensitizer on the permeability of enamel and dentin to hydrogen peroxide: An in vitro study","volume":"20","author":"Ma\n              Q","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma\n              Q\n            , ChenJ, XuX, & WangT (2020) Impact of transparent tray-based application of bioactive glasses desensitizer on the permeability of enamel and dentin to hydrogen peroxide: An in vitro studyBMC Oral Health20(1) 103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-020-01096-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"b13","series-title":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","first-page":"31","article-title":"In vitro re-hardening of artificial enamel caries lesions using enamel matrix proteins or self-assembling peptides","volume":"24","author":"Schmidlin\n              P","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schmidlin\n              P\n            , ZobristK, AttinT, & WegehauptF (2016) In vitro re-hardening of artificial enamel caries lesions using enamel matrix proteins or self-assembling peptidesJournal of Applied Oral Science24(1) 31-36."},{"issue":"3","key":"b14","series-title":"Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews","first-page":"181","article-title":"Enamel matrix derivative: A review of cellular effects in vitro and a model of molecular arrangement and functioning","volume":"18","author":"Grandin\n              HM","year":"2012","unstructured":"Grandin\n              HM\n            , GemperliAC, & DardM (2012) Enamel matrix derivative: A review of cellular effects in vitro and a model of molecular arrangement and functioningTissue Engineering Part B: Reviews18(3) 181-202."},{"issue":"12","key":"b15","series-title":"Journal of Dentistry","first-page":"1535","article-title":"Enamel prism-like tissue regeneration using enamel matrix derivative","volume":"42","author":"Cao\n              Y","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cao\n              Y\n            , MeiML, LiQL, LoEC, & ChuCH (2014) Enamel prism-like tissue regeneration using enamel matrix derivativeJournal of Dentistry42(12) 1535-1542."},{"issue":"4","key":"b16","series-title":"Archives of Oral Biology","first-page":"362","article-title":"Effects of enamel matrix derivative on remineralisation of initial enamel carious lesions in vitro","volume":"58","author":"Xiang\n              C","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xiang\n              C\n            , RanJ, YangQ, LiW, ZhouX, & ZhangL (2013) Effects of enamel matrix derivative on remineralisation of initial enamel carious lesions in vitroArchives of Oral Biology58(4) 362-369."},{"issue":"3","key":"b17","series-title":"Caries Research","first-page":"193","article-title":"Conventional, digital and contrast-enhanced bitewing radiographs in the decision to restore approximal carious lesions","volume":"35","author":"Haak\n              R","year":"2001","unstructured":"Haak\n              R\n            , WichtMJ, & NoackMJ (2001) Conventional, digital and contrast-enhanced bitewing radiographs in the decision to restore approximal carious lesionsCaries Research35(3) 193-199."},{"key":"b18","series-title":"International Journal of Dentistry","first-page":"270729","article-title":"Caries detection methods based on changes in optical properties between healthy and carious tissue","volume":"2010","author":"Karlsson\n              L","year":"2010","unstructured":"Karlsson\n              L\n            \n           (2010) Caries detection methods based on changes in optical properties between healthy and carious tissueInternational Journal of Dentistry2010270729, http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1155\/2010\/270729"},{"issue":"10","key":"b19","series-title":"Lasers in Surgery and Medicine","first-page":"915","article-title":"Clinical monitoring of smooth surface enamel lesions using CP-OCT during nonsurgical intervention","volume":"48","author":"Chan\n              KH","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chan\n              KH\n            , TomH, LeeRC, KangH, SimonJC, StaninecM, DarlingCL, PelznerRB, & FriedD (2016) Clinical monitoring of smooth surface enamel lesions using CP-OCT during nonsurgical interventionLasers in Surgery and Medicine48(10) 915-923."},{"issue":"4","key":"b20","series-title":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","first-page":"642","article-title":"Correlation of quantitative light-induced fluorescence and optical coherence tomography applied for detection and quantification of early dental caries","volume":"8","author":"Amaechi\n              BT","year":"2003","unstructured":"Amaechi\n              BT\n            , PodoleanuA, HighamSM, & JacksonDA (2003) Correlation of quantitative light-induced fluorescence and optical coherence tomography applied for detection and quantification of early dental cariesJournal of Biomedical Optics8(4) 642-647."},{"issue":"6","key":"b21","series-title":"Journal of Biophotonics","first-page":"596","article-title":"Evaluation of dental enamel caries assessment using Quantitative Light Induced Fluorescence and Optical Coherence Tomography","volume":"9","author":"Maia\n              AM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maia\n              AM\n            , de FreitasAZ, deLCS, GomesAS, & KarlssonL (2016) Evaluation of dental enamel caries assessment using Quantitative Light Induced Fluorescence and Optical Coherence TomographyJournal of Biophotonics9(6) 596-602."},{"issue":"2","key":"b22","series-title":"Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A","first-page":"304","article-title":"Preparation and in vitro characterization of novel bioactive glass ceramic nanoparticles","volume":"88","author":"Hong\n              Z","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hong\n              Z\n            , ReisRL, & ManoJF (2009) Preparation and in vitro characterization of novel bioactive glass ceramic nanoparticlesJournal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A88(2) 304-313."},{"issue":"6","key":"b23","series-title":"European Journal of Oral Sciences","first-page":"362","article-title":"pH-cycling of enamel and dentin lesions in the presence of low concentrations of fluoride","volume":"103","author":"ten Cate\n              JM","year":"1995","unstructured":"ten Cate\n              JM\n            , BuijsMJ, & DamenJJ (1995) pH-cycling of enamel and dentin lesions in the presence of low concentrations of fluorideEuropean Journal of Oral Sciences103(6) 362-367."},{"issue":"1","key":"b24","series-title":"Journal of Medical Imaging (Bellingham)","first-page":"014504","article-title":"Assessment of cervical demineralization induced by Streptococcus mutans using swept-source optical coherence tomography","volume":"3","author":"Tezuka\n              H","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tezuka\n              H\n            , ShimadaY, MatinK, IkedaM, SadrA, SumiY, & TagamiJ (2016) Assessment of cervical demineralization induced by Streptococcus mutans using swept-source optical coherence tomographyJournal of Medical Imaging (Bellingham)3(1) 014504. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1117\/1.JMI.3.1.014504"},{"issue":"1","key":"b25","series-title":"Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry","article-title":"Reliability and validity of FluoreCam for white-spot lesion detection: An in vitro study","volume":"9","author":"Abufarwa\n              M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abufarwa\n              M\n            , NoureldinA, CampbellPM, & BuschangPH (2018) Reliability and validity of FluoreCam for white-spot lesion detection: An in vitro studyJournal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry9(1) e12277. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111\/jicd.12277"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"b26","series-title":"Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences","first-page":"7","article-title":"Effect of remineralization agents on white spot lesions: A systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Rajendran\n              R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rajendran\n              R\n            , HussainMS, SandhyaR, AshikM, ThomasAJ, & MammenRE (2022) Effect of remineralization agents on white spot lesions: A systematic reviewJournal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences14(Supplement 1) 7-12. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_836_21"},{"issue":"4","key":"b27","series-title":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry","first-page":"375","article-title":"Evaluation to determine the caries remineralization potential of three dentifrices: An in vitro study","volume":"16","author":"Balakrishnan\n              A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Balakrishnan\n              A\n            , JonathanR, BeninP, & KuumarA (2013) Evaluation to determine the caries remineralization potential of three dentifrices: An in vitro studyJournal of Conservative Dentistry16(4) 375-379."},{"issue":"3","key":"b28","series-title":"Caries Research","first-page":"284","article-title":"State of the art enamel remineralization systems: The next frontier in caries management","volume":"53","author":"Philip\n              N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Philip\n              N\n            \n           (2019) State of the art enamel remineralization systems: The next frontier in caries managementCaries Research53(3) 284-295."},{"issue":"2","key":"b29","series-title":"International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry","first-page":"139","article-title":"Recent advances in dental hard tissue remineralization: A review of literature","volume":"12","author":"Arifa\n              MK","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arifa\n              MK\n            , EphraimR, & RajamaniT (2019) Recent advances in dental hard tissue remineralization: A review of literatureInternational Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry12(2) 139-144."},{"issue":"3","key":"b30","series-title":"Dental Materials","first-page":"314","article-title":"Evaluation of new treatment for incipient enamel demineralization using 45S5 bioglass","volume":"30","author":"Bakry\n              AS","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bakry\n              AS\n            , TakahashiH, OtsukiM, & TagamiJ (2014) Evaluation of new treatment for incipient enamel demineralization using 45S5 bioglassDental Materials30(3) 314-320."},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Bioceramics Development and Applications","first-page":"391","article-title":"Comparative bioactivity study of 45S5 and 58S bioglasses in organic and inorganic environment","volume":"22","author":"Theodorou\n              G","year":"2011","unstructured":"Theodorou\n              G\n            , GoudouriO, KontonasakiE, ChatzistavrouX, PapadopoulouL, KantiranisN, & ParaskevopoulosK (2011) Comparative bioactivity study of 45S5 and 58S bioglasses in organic and inorganic environmentBioceramics Development and Applications22391-393. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.4303\/bda\/D110154"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"b32","series-title":"Matrix Biology","first-page":"307","article-title":"Is there more to enamel matrix proteins than biomineralization?","volume":"20","author":"Zeichner-David\n              M","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zeichner-David\n              M\n            \n           (2001) Is there more to enamel matrix proteins than biomineralization?Matrix Biology20(5-6) 307-316."},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"b33","series-title":"European Journal of Oral Sciences","first-page":"282","article-title":"The developing enamel matrix: Nature and function","volume":"106","author":"Robinson\n              C","year":"1998","unstructured":"Robinson\n              C\n            , BrookesSJ, ShoreRC, & KirkhamJ (1998) The developing enamel matrix: Nature and functionEuropean Journal of Oral Sciences106(Supplement 1) 282-291."},{"issue":"13","key":"b34","series-title":"Materials (Basel)","first-page":"2116","article-title":"Remineralization of artificial dentin caries using dentin and enamel matrix proteins","volume":"12","author":"Bachli\n              K","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bachli\n              K\n            , SchmidlinPR, WegehauptF, PaqueF, RamenzoniL, & BotterS (2019) Remineralization of artificial dentin caries using dentin and enamel matrix proteinsMaterials (Basel)12(13) 2116. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3390\/ma12132116"},{"issue":"4","key":"b35","series-title":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","first-page":"046006","article-title":"Monitoring remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions by optical coherence tomography","volume":"18","author":"Mandurah\n              MM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mandurah\n              MM\n            , SadrA, ShimadaY, KitasakoY, NakashimaS, BakhshTA, TagamiJ, & SumiY (2013) Monitoring remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions by optical coherence tomographyJournal of Biomedical Optics18(4) 046006."},{"key":"b36","series-title":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","first-page":"201","article-title":"Remineralization of early enamel caries lesions induced by bioactive particles: An in vitro speckle analysis","volume":"28","author":"Angelini Sfalcin\n              R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Angelini Sfalcin\n              R\n            , da SilvaJVP, Oliva PessoaV, SantosJ, Garcia OlivanSR, Porta Santos FernandesK, Melo DeanaA, MakeevaI, SauroS, & Kalil BussadoriS (2019) Remineralization of early enamel caries lesions induced by bioactive particles: An in vitro speckle analysisPhotodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy28201-209."},{"issue":"12","key":"b37","series-title":"Archives of Oral Biology","first-page":"1407","article-title":"The characterization of enamel surface demineralization, remineralization, and associated hardness changes in human and bovine material","volume":"14","author":"Feagin\n              F","year":"1969","unstructured":"Feagin\n              F\n            , KoulouridesT, & PigmanW (1969) The characterization of enamel surface demineralization, remineralization, and associated hardness changes in human and bovine materialArchives of Oral Biology14(12) 1407-1417."},{"issue":"3","key":"b38","series-title":"Archives of Oral Biology","first-page":"243","article-title":"Correlation of transversal microradiography and microhardness on in situ-induced demineralization in irradiated and nonirradiated human dental enamel","volume":"44","author":"Kielbassa\n              AM","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kielbassa\n              AM\n            , WrbasKT, Schulte-MontingJ, & HellwigE (1999) Correlation of transversal microradiography and microhardness on in situ-induced demineralization in irradiated and nonirradiated human dental enamelArchives of Oral Biology44(3) 243-251."},{"issue":"2","key":"b39","series-title":"Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials","first-page":"257","article-title":"Microhardness and fracture toughness of dental materials by indentation method","volume":"76","author":"Sakar-Deliormanli\n              A","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sakar-Deliormanli\n              A\n             & GudenM (2006) Microhardness and fracture toughness of dental materials by indentation methodJournal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials76(2) 257-264."},{"issue":"2","key":"b40","series-title":"Biomedical Materials and Engineering","first-page":"133","article-title":"Evaluation of different remineralization agents in the treatment of natural caries-affected dentin in permanent teeth","volume":"34","author":"Turkay\n              EY","year":"2023","unstructured":"Turkay\n              EY\n            , KargulB, AydinogluAK, & YorucABH (2023) Evaluation of different remineralization agents in the treatment of natural caries-affected dentin in permanent teethBiomedical Materials and Engineering34(2) 133-142."},{"issue":"1","key":"b41","series-title":"Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects","first-page":"36","article-title":"Prevention of white spot lesions using three remineralizing agents: An in vitro comparative study","volume":"13","author":"Tahmasbi\n              S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tahmasbi\n              S\n            , MousaviS, BehroozibakhshM, & BadieeM (2019) Prevention of white spot lesions using three remineralizing agents: An in vitro comparative studyJournal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects13(1) 36-42."},{"issue":"4","key":"b42","series-title":"PLoS One","article-title":"Fluorescence-based methods for detecting caries lesions: Systematic review, meta-analysis and sources of heterogeneity","volume":"8","author":"Gimenez\n              T","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gimenez\n              T\n            , BragaMM, RaggioDP, DeeryC, RickettsDN, & MendesFM (2013) Fluorescence-based methods for detecting caries lesions: Systematic review, meta-analysis and sources of heterogeneityPLoS One8(4) e60421. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0060421"},{"issue":"8","key":"b43","series-title":"Physics in Medicine& Biology","first-page":"1375","article-title":"Light propagation through teeth containing simulated caries lesions","volume":"40","author":"Vaarkamp\n              J","year":"1995","unstructured":"Vaarkamp\n              J\n            , ten BoschJJ, & VerdonschotEH (1995) Light propagation through teeth containing simulated caries lesionsPhysics in Medicine& Biology40(8) 1375-1387."}],"container-title":["Operative Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/operative-dentistry.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/odnt\/49\/3\/article-p353.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/operative-dentistry\/article-pdf\/49\/3\/353\/3378687\/i1559-2863-49-3-353.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/operative-dentistry.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/odnt\/49\/3\/article-p353.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/operative-dentistry.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/odnt\/49\/3\/article-p353.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T00:48:58Z","timestamp":1758934138000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/operative-dentistry.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/odnt\/49\/3\/article-p353.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2341\/23-102-l","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-2863","0361-7734"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-2863","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0361-7734","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}}}