{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T13:06:56Z","timestamp":1788786416438,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Operative Dentistry","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>To investigate the influence of filler type\/loading on the micro-tensile fracture strength (\u03bcTFS) of adhesive resins, as measured \u2018immediately\u2019 upon preparation and after 1-week water storage (\u2018water-stored\u2019).<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The morphology and particle-size distribution of three filler particles, referred to as \u2018Glass-S\u2019 (Esschem Europe), \u2018BioUnion\u2019 (GC), and \u2018CPC_Mont\u2019, were correlatively characterized by SEM, TEM, and particle-size analysis. These filler particles were incorporated into an unfilled adhesive resin (\u2018BZF-29<jats:sub>unfilled<\/jats:sub>\u2019, GC) in different concentrations to measure the \u2018immediate\u2019 \u03bcTFS. After 1-week water storage, the \u2018water-stored\u2019 \u03bcTFS of the experimental particle-filled adhesive resins with the most optimum filler loading, specific for each filler type, was measured. In addition, the immediate and water-stored \u03bcTFS of the adhesive resins of three experimental two-step universal adhesives based on the same resin matrix but varying for filler type\/loading, coded as \u2018BZF-21\u2019 (containing silica and bioglass), \u2018BZF-29\u2019 (containing solely silica), and \u2018BZF-29_hv\u2019 (highly viscous with a higher silica loading than BZF-29), and of the adhesive resins of the gold-standard adhesives OptiBond FL (\u2018Opti-FL\u2019, Kerr) and Clearfil SE Bond 2 (\u2018C-SE2\u2019, Kuraray Noritake) was measured along with that of BZF-29<jats:sub>unfilled<\/jats:sub> (GC) serving as control\/reference. Statistics involved one-way and two-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc multiple comparisons (\u03b1&lt;0.05).<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Glass-S, BioUnion, and CPC_Mont represent irregular fillers with an average particle size of 8.5-9.9 \u03bcm. Adding filler to BZF-29<jats:sub>unfilled<\/jats:sub> decreased \u03bcTFS regardless of filler type\/loading. One-week water storage reduced \u03bcTFS of all adhesive resins except BZF-21, with the largest reduction in \u03bcTFS recorded for BZF-29<jats:sub>unfilled<\/jats:sub>. Among the three filler types, the \u03bcTFS of the 30 wt% Glass-S and 20 wt% BioUnion filled adhesive resin was not significantly different from the \u03bcTFS of BZF-29<jats:sub>unfilled<\/jats:sub> upon water storage.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Adding filler particles into adhesive resin did not enhance its micro-tensile fracture strength but appeared to render it less sensitive to water storage as compared to the unfilled adhesive resin investigated.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2341\/23-106-l","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T01:15:35Z","timestamp":1713402935000},"page":"311-324","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Filler Mixed Into Adhesives Does Not Necessarily Improve Their Mechanical Properties"],"prefix":"10.2341","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"C","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chuliang Tang, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT, Biomaterials Research Group & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Mercelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ben Mercelis, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT, Biomaterials Research Group & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fei Zhang, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT, Biomaterials Research Group & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Materials Engineering, Leuven, Belgium; 3Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, Laboratoire des Multimat\u00e9riaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Mocquot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Caroline Mocquot, Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, Laboratoire des Multimat\u00e9riaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne, France; Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Facult\u00e9 dentaire, H\u00f4pital Rothschild, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Nakanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ko Nakanishi, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT, Biomaterials Research Group & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium; Hokkaido University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Yoshihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kumiko Yoshihara, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Health and Medical Research Institute, Kagawa, Japan; Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pathology & Experimental Medicine, Okayama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Peumans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marleen Peumans, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT, Biomaterials Research Group & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Van Meerbeek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Bart Van Meerbeek, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT, Biomaterials Research Group & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1188","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Acta Biomaterialia","first-page":"50","article-title":"Functional fillers for dental resin composites","volume":"122","author":"Wang\n              Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang\n              Y\n            , ZhuM, & ZhuXX (2021) Functional fillers for dental resin compositesActa Biomaterialia12250-65. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actbio.2020.12.001"},{"issue":"11","key":"b2","series-title":"Dental Materials","first-page":"1315","article-title":"Effect of the amount of 3-methacyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane coupling agent on physical properties of dental resin nanocomposites","volume":"25","author":"Sideridou\n              ID","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sideridou\n              ID\n             & KarabelaMM (2009) Effect of the amount of 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hydrophilicity on water sorption and changes in modulus of elasticityBiomaterials26(33) 6449-6459. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.04.052"},{"issue":"1","key":"b63","series-title":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","first-page":"71","article-title":"Effect of water sorption on the structure and mechanical properties of an epoxy resin system","volume":"80","author":"Nogueira\n              P","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nogueira\n              P\n            , RamirezC, TorresA, AbadM, CanoJ, LopezJ, L\u00f3pez\u2010BuenoI, & BarralL (2001) Effect of water sorption on the structure and mechanical properties of an epoxy resin systemJournal of Applied Polymer Science80(1) 71-80. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/1097-4628(20010404)80:1<71::AID-APP1077>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"issue":"26","key":"b64","series-title":"Biomaterials","first-page":"5789","article-title":"Effect of resin hydrophilicity and water storage on resin strength","volume":"25","author":"Yiu\n              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