{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T20:37:55Z","timestamp":1789677475426,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Operative Dentistry","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>Air can become trapped within the subcutaneous layer of the cervicofacial area, a condition known as subcutaneous emphysema (SE), unexpectedly after routine dental procedures. SE can worsen by extending superiorly to the peri-orbital region and inferiorly to the thorax and abdomen along the fascial planes. Upward progression can result in cavernous sinus thrombosis. Conversely, downward progression can cause a variety of complications such as pneumothorax, mediastinitis, and compression of the venous trunks. The presence of these conditions highlights the significance of prompt identification, precise diagnosis to ascertain the need for immediate intervention, and suitable management to prevent additional unfavorable consequences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2341\/23-154-s","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T00:04:03Z","timestamp":1716941043000},"page":"247-252","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cervicofacial Subcutaneous Emphysema and Pneumomediastinum Following Class V Resin Restoration: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.2341","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"S-H","family":"Ahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Se-Hui Ahn, DDS, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MH","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Mi Hyun Seo, DDS, MSD, PhD, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University; Department of One-stop Specialty Center, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1188","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"b1","series-title":"British Dental Journal","first-page":"493","article-title":"Causes of subcutaneous emphysema following dental procedures: A systematic review of cases 1993-2020","volume":"231","author":"Jones\n              A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jones\n              A\n            , StagnellS, RentonT, AggarwalVR, & MooreR (2021) Causes of subcutaneous emphysema following dental procedures: A systematic review of cases 1993-2020British Dental Journal231(8) 493-500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41415-021-3564-0"},{"issue":"6","key":"b2","series-title":"Journal of the Canadian Dental Association","first-page":"565","article-title":"Cervicofacial and mediastinal emphysema complicating a dental procedure","volume":"72","author":"Mather\n              AJ","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mather\n              AJ\n            , StoykewychAA, & CurranJB (2006) Cervicofacial and mediastinal emphysema complicating a dental procedureJournal of the Canadian Dental Association72(6) 565-568."},{"issue":"4","key":"b3","series-title":"Journal of the American Dental Association","first-page":"417","article-title":"Cervicofacial subcutaneous air emphysema after dental extraction","volume":"120","author":"Reznick\n              JB","year":"1990","unstructured":"Reznick\n              JB\n             & ArdaryWC (1990) Cervicofacial subcutaneous air emphysema after dental extractionJournal of the American Dental Association120(4) 417-419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14219\/jada.archive.1990.0128"},{"issue":"2","key":"b4","series-title":"Annals of Emergency Medicine","first-page":"248","article-title":"Diffuse subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and pneumothorax after dental extraction","volume":"22","author":"Shackelford\n              D","year":"1993","unstructured":"Shackelford\n              D\n             & CasaniJAP (1993) Diffuse subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and pneumothorax after dental extractionAnnals of Emergency Medicine22(2) 248-250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)80214-8"},{"issue":"5","key":"b5","series-title":"Clinical Case Reports","first-page":"1025","article-title":"Management of subcutaneous facial emphysema secondary to a class V dental restoration","volume":"7","author":"Mascarenhas\n              RJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mascarenhas\n              RJ\n            \n           (2019) Management of subcutaneous facial emphysema secondary to a class V dental restorationClinical Case Reports7(5) 1025-1030. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ccr3.2141"},{"issue":"5","key":"b6","series-title":"Journal of the Korean Association of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery","first-page":"212","article-title":"Subcutaneous emphysema related to dental procedures","volume":"44","author":"Jeong\n              CH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jeong\n              CH\n            , YoonS, ChungSW, KimJY, ParkKH, & HuhJK (2018) Subcutaneous emphysema related to dental proceduresJournal of the Korean Association of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery44(5) 212-219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5125\/jkaoms.2018.44.5.212"},{"issue":"3","key":"b7","series-title":"Netherlands Journal of Medicine","first-page":"106","article-title":"The ABCDE primary assessment in the emergency department in medically ill patients: An observational pilot study","volume":"75","author":"Olgers\n              TJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Olgers\n              TJ\n            , DijkstraRS, Drost-de KlerckAM, & Ter MaatenJC (2017) The ABCDE primary assessment in the emergency department in medically ill patients: An observational pilot studyNetherlands Journal of Medicine75(3) 106-111."},{"issue":"6","key":"b8","series-title":"Insights Imaging","first-page":"759","article-title":"The anatomical compartments and their connections as demonstrated by ectopic air","volume":"4","author":"Frias Vila\u00e7a\n              A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Frias Vila\u00e7a\n              A\n            , ReisAM, & VidalIM (2013) The anatomical compartments and their connections as demonstrated by ectopic airInsights Imaging4(6) 759-772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13244-013-0278-0"},{"issue":"4","key":"b9","series-title":"Thorax","first-page":"359","article-title":"The anatomy and applied anatomy of the mediastinal fascia","volume":"6","author":"Marchand\n              P","year":"1951","unstructured":"Marchand\n              P\n            \n           (1951) The anatomy and applied anatomy of the mediastinal fasciaThorax6(4) 359-368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thx.6.4.359"},{"issue":"7","key":"b10","series-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine","first-page":"1447","article-title":"Subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema. Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management","volume":"144","author":"Maunder\n              RJ","year":"1984","unstructured":"Maunder\n              RJ\n            , PiersonDJ, & HudsonLD (1984) Subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema. Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and managementArchives of Internal Medicine144(7) 1447-1453."},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Retropharyngeal Abscess","author":"Jain\n              H","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jain\n              H\n            , KnorrTL, & SinhaV (2023) Retropharyngeal Abscess. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island, Florida."},{"issue":"12","key":"b12","series-title":"Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi","first-page":"1341","article-title":"[Frequency analysis of crackles recorded with a stethoscope-equipped recorder]","volume":"33","author":"Kiyokawa\n              H","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kiyokawa\n              H\n            , YonemaruM, HorieS, IchinoseY, & ToyamaK (1995) [Frequency analysis of crackles recorded with a stethoscope-equipped recorder]Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi33(12) 1341-1347."},{"issue":"2","key":"b13","series-title":"Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira","first-page":"159","article-title":"Subcutaneous emphysema, a different way to diagnose","volume":"64","author":"da Costa Medeiros\n              BJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"da Costa Medeiros\n              BJ\n            \n           (2018) Subcutaneous emphysema, a different way to diagnoseRevista da Associacao Medica Brasileira64(2) 159-163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1806-9282.64.02.159"},{"issue":"1","key":"b14","series-title":"Diseases of the Chest","first-page":"104","article-title":"Mediastinal emphysema: Pathogenesis and management","volume":"49","author":"Cooley\n              JC","year":"1966","unstructured":"Cooley\n              JC\n             & GillespieJB (1966) Mediastinal emphysema: Pathogenesis and managementDiseases of the Chest49(1) 104-108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.49.1.104"},{"issue":"6","key":"b15","series-title":"American Journal of the Medical Sciences","first-page":"682","article-title":"Electrocardiographic phenomena associated with spontaneous pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema","volume":"212","author":"Littmann\n              D","year":"1946","unstructured":"Littmann\n              D\n            \n           (1946) Electrocardiographic phenomena associated with spontaneous pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysemaAmerican Journal of the Medical Sciences212(6) 682-690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000441-194612000-00004"},{"issue":"1","key":"b16","series-title":"Journal of Medical Case Reports","first-page":"100","article-title":"Pneumopericardium should be considered with electrocardiogram changes after blunt chest trauma: A case report","volume":"2","author":"Konijn\n              AJ","year":"2008","unstructured":"Konijn\n              AJ\n            , EgbersPH, & KuiperMA (2008) Pneumopericardium should be considered with electrocardiogram changes after blunt chest trauma: A case reportJournal of Medical Case Reports2(1) 100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1752-1947-2-100"},{"issue":"6","key":"b17","series-title":"Journal of the Canadian Dental Association","first-page":"496","article-title":"Subcutaneous emphysema following dental treatment: A report of two cases and review of the literature","volume":"58","author":"Pynn\n              BR","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pynn\n              BR\n            , AmatoD, & WalkerDA (1992) Subcutaneous emphysema following dental treatment: A report of two cases and review of the literatureJournal of the Canadian Dental Association58(6) 496-499."},{"issue":"5","key":"b18","series-title":"Australian Dental Journal","first-page":"403","article-title":"Cervicofacial emphysema following dental procedures","volume":"34","author":"Monsour\n              PA","year":"1989","unstructured":"Monsour\n              PA\n             & SavageNW (1989) Cervicofacial emphysema following dental proceduresAustralian Dental Journal34(5) 403-406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1834-7819.1989.tb00695.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"b19","series-title":"Journal of Emergencies, Trauma, and Shock","first-page":"34","article-title":"Cervicofacial and mediastinal emphysema due to a dental procedure","volume":"10","author":"Ramnarine\n              M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ramnarine\n              M\n             & DubinZ (2017) Cervicofacial and mediastinal emphysema due to a dental procedureJournal of Emergencies, Trauma, and Shock10(1) 34-36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0974-2700.199526"},{"issue":"3","key":"b20","series-title":"Journal of the American Dental Association","first-page":"397","article-title":"Death from air embolism during root canal therapy","volume":"67","author":"Rickles\n              NH","year":"1963","unstructured":"Rickles\n              NH\n             & JoshiBA (1963) Death from air embolism during root canal therapyJournal of the American Dental Association67(3) 397-404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14219\/jada.archive.1963.0291"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"b21","series-title":"Journal of Thoracic Disease","first-page":"S44","article-title":"Pneumomediastinum","volume":"7","author":"Kouritas\n              VK","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kouritas\n              VK\n            , PapagiannopoulosK, LazaridisG, BakaS, MpoukovinasI, KaravasilisV, LampakiS, KioumisI, PitsiouG, PapaiwannouA, KaravergouA, KipourouM, LadaM, OrgantzisJ, KatsikogiannisN, TsakiridisK, ZarogoulidisK, & ZarogoulidisP (2015) PneumomediastinumJournal of Thoracic Disease7(Supplement 1) S44-S49. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3978\/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.01.11"},{"issue":"11","key":"b22","series-title":"British Dental Journal","first-page":"589","article-title":"Surgical emphysema and pneumomediastinum complicating dental extraction","volume":"188","author":"Ali\n              A","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ali\n              A\n            , CunliffeDR, & Watt-SmithSR (2000) Surgical emphysema and pneumomediastinum complicating dental extractionBritish Dental Journal188(11) 589-590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bdj.4800547"},{"issue":"2","key":"b23","series-title":"Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery","first-page":"170","article-title":"Subcutaneous cervicofacial and mediastinal emphysema after dental instrumentation","volume":"124","author":"Josephson\n              GD","year":"2001","unstructured":"Josephson\n              GD\n            , WambachBA, & NoordzjiJP (2001) Subcutaneous cervicofacial and mediastinal emphysema after dental instrumentationOtolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery124(2) 170-171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mhn.2001.113144"},{"issue":"7","key":"b24","series-title":"American Journal of Emergency Medicine","first-page":"678","article-title":"Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum after dental extraction","volume":"17","author":"Chen\n              S-C","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chen\n              S-C\n            , LinF-Y, & ChangK-J (1999) Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum after dental extractionAmerican Journal of Emergency Medicine17(7) 678-680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0735-6757(99)90158-4"},{"issue":"11","key":"b25","series-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","first-page":"3954","article-title":"Multiparametric analysis of waterline contamination in dental units","volume":"62","author":"Barbeau\n              J","year":"1996","unstructured":"Barbeau\n              J\n            , TanguayR, FaucherE, AvezardC, TrudelL, C\u00f4t\u00e9L, & Pr\u00e9vostAP (1996) Multiparametric analysis of waterline contamination in dental unitsApplied and Environmental Microbiology62(11) 3954-3959. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.62.11.3954-3959.1996"},{"issue":"7","key":"b26","series-title":"Hartmannella vermiformis Applied and Environmental Microbiology","first-page":"1950","article-title":"Multiplication of Legionella spp. in tap water containing","volume":"57","author":"Wadowsky\n              RM","year":"1991","unstructured":"Wadowsky\n              RM\n            , WilsonTM, KappNJ, WestAJ, KuchtaJM, StatesSJ, DowlingJN, & YeeRB (1991) Multiplication of Legionella spp. in tap water containingHartmannella vermiformis Applied and Environmental Microbiology57(7) 1950-1955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.57.7.1950-1955.1991"},{"issue":"1","key":"b27","series-title":"Journal of the Korean Association of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery","first-page":"49","article-title":"Iatrogenic subcutaneous cervicofacial emphysema with pneumomediastinum after class V restoration","volume":"43","author":"Lee\n              S-W","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee\n              S-W\n            , HuhY-H, & ChaM-S (2017) Iatrogenic subcutaneous cervicofacial emphysema with pneumomediastinum after class V restorationJournal of the Korean Association of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery43(1) 49. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5125\/jkaoms.2017.43.1.49"}],"container-title":["Operative 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