{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T00:02:32Z","timestamp":1759017752089,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Operative Dentistry","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n \n Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the in vivo<\/jats:italic> and in vitro<\/jats:italic> performance of an intraoral camera (IC), visual examination using the Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index (TFI), and quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) to detect and quantify enamel fluorosis (EF).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Materials:<\/jats:title>\n Calibrated examiners performed IC-qualitative (ICQual), TFI, IC-quantitative (ICQuant), and QLF (Area, Fluorescence loss [\u0394F], and \u0394Q: Area\u00d7\u0394F) on 150 extracted teeth in vitro<\/jats:italic> and 150 children in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Polarized light microscopy (PLM) was the gold standard for the in vitro<\/jats:italic> phase. Cross tabulation, agreement, correlation, comparison of means from quantitative measures, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated for TFI, QLF, ICQual, and ICQuant. For the in vivo<\/jats:italic> phase, TFI scores were cross tabulated with ICQuant and ICQual, and Kendall's Tau was used to measure correlation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Agreements of TFI and ICQual with PLM were 53.77% and 47.17%, respectively. Correlation coefficients for QLF (area, \u0394F, \u0394Q) and ICQuant with PLM scores were 0.47, 0.56, 0.51, 0.46, respectively. Sensitivity\/specificity for TFI, ICQual, ICQuant, and \u0394Q were 0.86\/0.58, 0.86\/0.62, 0.86\/0.58, and 1.00\/0.13, respectively. For the in vivo<\/jats:italic> phase, correlations of ICQual and ICQuant with TFI were 0.55 and 0.52, respectively. Quantitative measurements of ICQuant by TFI scores showed consistent separation in means, while those for QLF were neither as clear nor as consistent.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n All methods were able to detect and quantify enamel fluorosis. However, there were consistent and significant differences among them.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2341\/24-137-c","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T01:19:51Z","timestamp":1749431991000},"page":"311-323","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Use of Intraoral Camera, Quantitative Light Fluorescence, and Visual Examinations for the Detection and Assessment of Enamel Fluorosis"],"prefix":"10.2341","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"N","family":"Abogazalah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Naif Abogazalah, BDS, MSD, PhD, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, King Faisal University College of Dentistry, Hofuf, Alahssa, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Al Dehailan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laila Al Dehailan, BDS, MSD, PhD, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A-E","family":"Soto-Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armando-Ernesto Soto-Rojas, DDS, MPH, Department of Dental Public Health and Dental Informatics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Ando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Masatoshi Ando, PhD, DDS, BS, Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Martignon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stefania Martignon, BDS, PhD, UNICA - Caries Research Unit, Research Department, Universidad El Bosque, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Eggertsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hafsteinn Eggertsson, DDS, private practice, Eugene, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Shone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Devin Shone, DDS, private practice, Bloomington, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E-A","family":"Martinez-Mier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Esperanza-Angeles Martinez-Mier, DDS, MSD, PhD, Department of Dental Public Health and Dentail Informatics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1188","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"b1","series-title":"Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology","first-page":"140","article-title":"Overview and quality assurance for the National Health and Nutrition Examination 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