{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T17:00:17Z","timestamp":1792688417759,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Dental Society of Anesthesiology (ADSA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>Moderate intravenous (IV) sedation combined with local anesthesia is common for outpatient oral surgery procedures. An ideal sedative agent must be safe and well tolerated by patients and practitioners. This study evaluated fospropofol, a relatively new sedative\/hypnotic, in comparison to midazolam, a commonly used benzodiazepine, for IV moderate sedation during oral and maxillofacial surgery. Sixty patients were randomly assigned to either the fospropofol or the midazolam group. Each participant received 1 \u03bcg\/kg of fentanyl prior to administration of the selected sedative. Those in the fospropofol group received an initial dose of 6.5 mg\/kg, with 1.6 mg\/kg supplemental doses as needed. Those in the midazolam group received initial doses of 0.05 mg\/kg, followed by 0.02 mg\/kg supplemental doses. The quality of sedation in each patient was evaluated with regard to (a) onset of sedation, maintenance, and recovery profile; (b) patient and surgeon satisfaction; and (c) hemodynamic stability and adverse effects. The fospropofol group demonstrated shorter physical recovery times than midazolam patients, taking a mean of 11.6 minutes versus 18.4 minutes for physical recovery (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .007). Cognitive recovery comparison did not find any difference with a mean of 7.5 minutes versus 8.8 minutes between the 2 drug groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .123). The fospropofol group had a higher rate of local anesthetic injection recall (90.5 vs 44.4%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .004). Other parameters of recall were comparable. Two adverse effects demonstrated significance, with more patients in the midazolam group experiencing tachycardia (48.2 vs 9.4%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .001), and more patients in the fospropofol group experiencing perineal discomfort (40.6 vs 0, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001). No significant difference was found in any other measures of sedation safety, maintenance, or satisfaction. Fospropofol, when administered intravenously by a dentist anesthesiologist at the indicated dose in this study, appears to be a safe, well-tolerated alternative to midazolam for intravenous moderate sedation during minor oral surgery procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2344\/0003-3006-60.4.162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,14]],"date-time":"2014-01-14T16:47:35Z","timestamp":1389718055000},"page":"162-177","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["A Comparison of Fospropofol to Midazolam for Moderate Sedation During Outpatient Dental Procedures"],"prefix":"10.2344","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Philip","family":"Yen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Denver, Colorado,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Prior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cara","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megann","family":"Smiley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarat","family":"Thikkurissy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio,"},{"name":"Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1191","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3006-60-4-162-b01","series-title":"J Clin Anesth","first-page":"260","article-title":"Safety evaluation of fospropofol for sedation during minor surgical procedures","volume":"22","author":"Gan\n              TJ,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gan\n              TJ, \n            \n              Berry\n              BD, \n            \n              Ekman\n              EF, \n            \n              Muckerman\n              RC, II\n            \n              Hardi\n              R. \n          \n          Safety evaluation of fospropofol for sedation during minor surgical procedures. J Clin Anesth. 2010;22:260\u2013267."},{"key":"i0003-3006-60-4-162-b02","series-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag","first-page":"949","article-title":"Monitored anesthesia care (MAC) sedation: clinical utility of fospropofol","volume":"5","author":"Harris\n              EA,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harris\n              EA, \n            \n              Lubarsky\n              DA, \n            \n              Candiotti\n              KA. \n          \n          Monitored anesthesia care (MAC) sedation: clinical utility of fospropofol. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2009;5:949\u2013959."},{"key":"i0003-3006-60-4-162-b03","series-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol","first-page":"303","article-title":"Fospropofol: is there an infusion regimen for propofol equivalence?","volume":"27","author":"Atlas\n              G.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Atlas\n              G. \n          \n          Fospropofol: is there an infusion regimen for propofol equivalence?\n          J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2011;27:303\u2013306."},{"key":"i0003-3006-60-4-162-b04","series-title":"Hospital Pharmacy","first-page":"242","article-title":"Fospropofol disodium: formulary drug reviews","volume":"44","author":"Cada\n              DJ,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cada\n              DJ, \n            \n              Levien\n              TL, \n            \n              Baker\n              DE. \n          \n          Fospropofol disodium: formulary drug reviews. Hospital Pharmacy. 2009;44:242\u2013250."},{"key":"i0003-3006-60-4-162-b05","series-title":"Anesthesiol Res Pract","first-page":"458920","article-title":"Perspectives on the role of fospropofol in the monitored anesthesia care setting","volume":"2011","author":"Pergolizzi\n              JV\n              Jr,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pergolizzi\n              JV\n              Jr, \n            \n              Gan\n              TJ, \n            \n              Plavin\n              S, \n            \n              Labhsetwar\n              S, \n            \n              Taylor\n              R. \n          \n          Perspectives on the role of fospropofol in the monitored anesthesia care setting. 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Comments for the American Society of Anesthesiologists to the Food and Drug Administration regarding NDA 22-244, fospropofol disodium injection, 2008 April 23. Available at www.asahg.org\/washington\/ASAfospropofolcomments4-23-08.pdf. Accessed March 2, 2010."},{"key":"i0003-3006-60-4-162-b08","series-title":"Ann Pharmacother","first-page":"1802","article-title":"Fospropofol: a new sedative-hypnotic agent for monitored anesthesia care","volume":"43","author":"Moore\n              GD,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moore\n              GD, \n            \n              Walker\n              AM, \n            \n              MacLaren\n              R. \n          \n          Fospropofol: a new sedative-hypnotic agent for monitored anesthesia care. Ann Pharmacother. 2009;43:1802\u20131808."},{"key":"i0003-3006-60-4-162-b09","series-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol","first-page":"345","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, phase 3 study of fospropofol disodium for sedation during colonoscopy","volume":"44","author":"Cohen\n              LB,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cohen\n              LB, \n            \n              Cattau\n              E, \n            \n              Goetsch\n              A, \n            et al\n          . A randomized, double-blind, phase 3 study of fospropofol disodium for sedation during colonoscopy. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2010;44:345\u2013353."},{"key":"i0003-3006-60-4-162-b10","series-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther","first-page":"597","article-title":"Clinical trial: a dose-response study of fospropofol disodium for moderate sedation during colonoscopy","volume":"27","author":"Cohen\n              LB.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cohen\n              LB. \n          \n          Clinical trial: a dose-response study of fospropofol disodium for moderate sedation during colonoscopy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;27:597\u2013608."},{"key":"i0003-3006-60-4-162-b11","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"41","article-title":"A phase 3, randomized, double-blind study to assess the efficacy and safety of fospropofol disodium injection for moderate sedation in patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy","volume":"135","author":"Silvestri\n              GA,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Silvestri\n              GA, \n            \n              Vincent\n              BD, \n            \n              Wahidi\n              MM, \n            \n              Robinette\n              E, \n            \n              Hansbrough\n              JR, \n            \n              Downie\n              GH. \n          \n          A phase 3, randomized, double-blind study to assess the efficacy and safety of fospropofol disodium injection for moderate sedation in patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy. Chest. 2009;135:41\u201347."},{"key":"i0003-3006-60-4-162-b12","series-title":"Anesth Prog","first-page":"3","article-title":"Demand in pediatric dentistry for sedation and general anesthesia by dentist anesthesiologists: a survey of directors of dentist anesthesiologist and pediatric dentistry residencies","volume":"59","author":"Hicks\n              CG,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hicks\n              CG, \n            \n              Jones\n              JE, \n            \n              Saxen\n              MA, \n            et al\n          . Demand in pediatric dentistry for sedation and general anesthesia by dentist anesthesiologists: a survey of directors of dentist anesthesiologist and pediatric dentistry residencies. Anesth Prog. 2012;59:3\u201311."},{"key":"i0003-3006-60-4-162-b13","series-title":"Anaesthesia","first-page":"459","article-title":"Amnesic action of midazolam","volume":"35","author":"Dundee\n              JW,","year":"1980","unstructured":"Dundee\n              JW, \n            \n              Wilson\n              DB. \n          \n          Amnesic action of midazolam. Anaesthesia. 1980;35:459\u2013461."},{"key":"i0003-3006-60-4-162-b14","series-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther","first-page":"324","article-title":"Relation of sedation and amnesia to plasma concentrations of midazolam in surgical patients","volume":"43","author":"Persson\n              MP,","year":"1988","unstructured":"Persson\n              MP, \n            \n              Nilsson\n              A, \n            \n              Hartvig\n              P. \n          \n          Relation of sedation and amnesia to plasma concentrations of midazolam in surgical patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1988;43:324\u2013331."},{"key":"i0003-3006-60-4-162-b15","series-title":"Dtsch Med Wochenschr","first-page":"1406","article-title":"Cutaneous paresthesia in high-dose intravenous dexamethasone therapy in oncology [in German]","volume":"111","author":"Rasche\n              H,","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rasche\n              H, \n            \n              Meier\n              CR, \n            \n              Schneider\n              J, \n            \n              Gr\u00f6ticke\n              J, \n            \n              Sch\u00f6nh\u00f6fer\n              P. \n          \n          Cutaneous paresthesia in high-dose intravenous dexamethasone therapy in oncology [in German]. 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Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;2009."},{"key":"i0003-3006-60-4-162-b18","series-title":"Paediatr Anaesth","first-page":"924","article-title":"Paradoxical reaction following intravenous midazolam premedication in pediatric patients\u2014a randomized placebo controlled trial of ketamine for rapid tranquilization","volume":"14","author":"Golparvar\n              M,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Golparvar\n              M, \n            \n              Saghaei\n              M, \n            \n              Sajedi\n              P, \n            \n              Razavi\n              SS. \n          \n          Paradoxical reaction following intravenous midazolam premedication in pediatric patients\u2014a randomized placebo controlled trial of ketamine for rapid tranquilization. Paediatr Anaesth. 2004;14:924\u2013930."},{"key":"i0003-3006-60-4-162-b19","series-title":"Handb Exp Pharmacol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74806-9_16","article-title":"Midazolam and other benzodiazepines","volume":"182","author":"Olkkola\n              KT,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Olkkola\n              KT, \n            \n              Ahonen\n              J. \n          \n          Midazolam and other benzodiazepines. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2008;182:335\u2013360."}],"container-title":["Anesthesia Progress"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/anesthesiaprogress.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/anpr\/60\/4\/article-p162.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/anesthesia-progress\/article-pdf\/60\/4\/162\/2357647\/0003-3006-60_4_162.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anesthesiaprogress.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/anpr\/60\/4\/article-p162.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anesthesiaprogress.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/anpr\/60\/4\/article-p162.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T12:25:30Z","timestamp":1728303930000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anesthesiaprogress.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/anpr\/60\/4\/article-p162.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2344\/0003-3006-60.4.162","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3006","1878-7177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3006","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-7177","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}}}