{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T17:52:46Z","timestamp":1759513966820},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Dental Society of Anesthesiology (ADSA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>Twenty-four patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. Intraoperatively, one group received a continuous intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine alone, whereas the other received a continuous dexmedetomidine infusion plus a small dose of midazolam. Early measurements of patient anxiety and psychomotor performance were lower in patients who had received midazolam. This difference was not seen later in the appointment. An amnesic effect was observed in those patients who received midazolam. This effect, however, did not translate into increased patient satisfaction in the group receiving midazolam. Our findings suggest a prolonged discharge time for patients who had been given midazolam that may be clinically significant. Overall, dexmedetomidine showed an unpredictable sedative response and may be less practical than more common alternatives for oral surgery procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2344\/0003-3006-61.1.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,3]],"date-time":"2014-04-03T17:43:56Z","timestamp":1396547036000},"page":"3-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Dexmedetomidine Sedation With and Without Midazolam for Third Molar Surgery"],"prefix":"10.2344","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Megann K.","family":"Smiley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon R.","family":"Prior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Surgeon and Anesthesiologist, Assistant Professor, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1191","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"i0003-3006-61-1-3-b01","series-title":"Anesthesiology","first-page":"382","article-title":"The effects of increasing plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine in humans","volume":"93","author":"Ebert\n              TJ,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ebert\n              TJ, \n            \n              Hall\n              JE, \n            \n              Barney\n              JA, \n            \n              Uhrich\n              TD, \n            \n              Colinco\n              MD. \n          \n          The effects of increasing plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine in humans. Anesthesiology. 2000;93(2):382\u2013394."},{"key":"i0003-3006-61-1-3-b02","series-title":"Anesth Analg","first-page":"699","article-title":"Sedative, amnestic, and analgesic properties of small-dose dexmedetomidine infusions","volume":"90","author":"Hall\n              JE,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hall\n              JE, \n            \n              Uhrich\n              TD, \n            \n              Barney\n              JA, \n            \n              Arain\n              SR, \n            \n              Ebert\n              TJ. \n          \n          Sedative, amnestic, and analgesic properties of small-dose dexmedetomidine infusions. Anesth Analg. 2000;90:699\u2013705."},{"key":"i0003-3006-61-1-3-b03","series-title":"Anesthesiology","first-page":"1125","article-title":"Effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine in humans. I: Sedation, ventilation, and metabolic rate","volume":"77","author":"Belleville\n              JP,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Belleville\n              JP, \n            \n              Ward\n              DS, \n            \n              Bloor\n              BC, \n            \n              Maze\n              M. \n          \n          Effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine in humans. I: Sedation, ventilation, and metabolic rate. Anesthesiology. 1992;77:1125\u20131133."},{"issue":"5","key":"i0003-3006-61-1-3-b04","series-title":"Br J Anaesth","first-page":"684","article-title":"Comparison between dexmedetomidine and propofol for sedation in the intensive care unit: patient and clinician perceptions","volume":"87","author":"Venn\n              RM,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Venn\n              RM, \n            \n              Grounds\n              RM. \n          \n          Comparison between dexmedetomidine and propofol for sedation in the intensive care unit: patient and clinician perceptions. Br J Anaesth. 2001;87(5):684\u2013690."},{"key":"i0003-3006-61-1-3-b05","series-title":"Anesth Analg","first-page":"461","article-title":"The efficacy, side effects, and recovery characteristics of dexmedetomidine versus propofol when used for intraoperative sedation","volume":"95","author":"Arain\n              SR,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Arain\n              SR, \n            \n              Ebert\n              TJ. \n          \n          The efficacy, side effects, and recovery characteristics of dexmedetomidine versus propofol when used for intraoperative sedation. Anesth Analg. 2002;95:461\u2013466."},{"issue":"5","key":"i0003-3006-61-1-3-b06","series-title":"Anesthesiology","first-page":"1055","article-title":"Reduction of the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane by dexmedetomidine","volume":"86","author":"Aantaa\n              R,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Aantaa\n              R, \n            \n              Jaakola\n              ML, \n            \n              Kallio\n              A, \n            \n              Kanto\n              J. \n          \n          Reduction of the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane by dexmedetomidine. Anesthesiology. 1997;86(5):1055\u20131 060."},{"key":"i0003-3006-61-1-3-b07","series-title":"Anesth Analg","first-page":"1136","article-title":"Postoperative pharmacokinetics and sympatholytic effects of dexmedetomidine","volume":"85","author":"Talke\n              P,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Talke\n              P, \n            \n              Richardson\n              CA, \n            \n              Scheinin\n              M, \n            \n              Fisher\n              DM. \n          \n          Postoperative pharmacokinetics and sympatholytic effects of dexmedetomidine. Anesth Analg. 1997;85:1136\u20131142."},{"issue":"3","key":"i0003-3006-61-1-3-b08","series-title":"Br J Anaesth","first-page":"372","article-title":"Effects of dexmedetomidine on isoflurane in healthy volunteers. 1: Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions","volume":"83","author":"Khan\n              ZP,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Khan\n              ZP, \n            \n              Munday\n              IT, \n            \n              Jones\n              RM, \n            \n              Thornton\n              C, \n            \n              Mant\n              TG, \n            \n              Amin\n              D. \n          \n          Effects of dexmedetomidine on isoflurane in healthy volunteers. 1: Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions. Br J Anaesth. 1999;83(3):372\u2013380."},{"key":"i0003-3006-61-1-3-b09","series-title":"Br J Anaesth","first-page":"126","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine attenuates sympathoadrenal responses to tracheal intubation and reduces the need for thiopentone and perioperative fentanyl","volume":"68","author":"Scheinin\n              B,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Scheinin\n              B, \n            \n              Lindgren\n              L, \n            \n              Randell\n              T, \n            \n              Scheinin\n              H, \n            \n              Scheinin\n              M. \n          \n          Dexmedetomidine attenuates sympathoadrenal responses to tracheal intubation and reduces the need for thiopentone and perioperative fentanyl. Br J Anaesth. 1992;68:126\u2013131."},{"key":"i0003-3006-61-1-3-b10","series-title":"Anaesthesia","first-page":"736","article-title":"Effects of a single pre-operative dexmedetomidine dose on isoflurane requirements and peri-operative haemodynamic stability","volume":"52","author":"Lawrence\n              CJ,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lawrence\n              CJ, \n            \n              De Lange\n              S. \n          \n          Effects of a single pre-operative dexmedetomidine dose on isoflurane requirements and peri-operative haemodynamic stability. Anaesthesia. 1997;52:736\u2013744."},{"key":"i0003-3006-61-1-3-b11","series-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol","first-page":"513","article-title":"Elliot l. Alpha-2 receptors and agonists in pain management","volume":"14","author":"Smith\n              H,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Smith\n              H, \n          \n          Elliot l. Alpha-2 receptors and agonists in pain management. 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Br J Anaesth. 1993;71:108\u2013118."},{"key":"i0003-3006-61-1-3-b14","series-title":"Anaesthesia","first-page":"146","article-title":"Alpha-2 and imidazoline receptor agonists. Their pharmacology and therapeutic role","volume":"54","author":"Khan\n              ZP,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Khan\n              ZP, \n            \n              Ferguson\n              CN, \n            \n              Jones\n              RM. \n          \n          Alpha-2 and imidazoline receptor agonists. Their pharmacology and therapeutic role. 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Anesthesiology. 1992;77:1134\u20131142."},{"key":"i0003-3006-61-1-3-b23","series-title":"Anesthesiology","first-page":"592","article-title":"Autonomic nervous system responses during sedative infusions of dexmedetomidine","volume":"97","author":"Hogue\n              CW,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hogue\n              CW, \n            \n              Talke\n              P, \n            \n              Stein\n              PK, \n            \n              Richardson\n              C, \n            \n              Domitrovich\n              PP, \n            \n              Sessler\n              DI. \n          \n          Autonomic nervous system responses during sedative infusions of dexmedetomidine. 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