{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:49:49Z","timestamp":1783511389069,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Dental Society of Anesthesiology (ADSA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>The purpose of this prospective, randomized, single-blind study was to determine the anesthetic efficacy of lidocaine with epinephrine compared to lidocaine with epinephrine plus 0.5 M mannitol in maxillary lateral incisor infiltrations. Forty-one subjects randomly received 2 maxillary lateral infiltrations consisting of a 1.84-mL solution of 36.8 mg lidocaine with 18.4 \u03bcg epinephrine (control solution) and a 2.90-mL solution of 36.8 mg lidocaine with 18.4 \u03bcg epinephrine (1.84 mL) plus 0.5 M mannitol (1.06 mL) in 2 separate appointments spaced at least 1 week apart. The maxillary lateral incisor was blindly electric pulp\u2013tested in 2-minute cycles for 60 minutes postinjection. No response from the subject to the maximum output (a reading of 80) of the pulp tester was used as the criterion for pulpal anesthesia. Total percent pulpal anesthesia was defined as the total of all pulpal anesthesia readings (at output of 80) over the 60-minute test period. Pain during solution deposition and postoperative pain were also measured. The results demonstrated that a 2.90-mL solution of 36.8 mg lidocaine with 18.4 \u03bcg epinephrine (1.84 mL) plus 0.5 M mannitol (1.06 mL) was not statistically significantly superior to a 1.84-mL solution of 36.8 mg lidocaine with 18.4 \u03bcg epinephrine. The pain of solution deposition was lower with the lidocaine\/mannitol formulation. Postoperative pain was not statistically significantly different between the lidocaine\/mannitol formulation and the lidocaine formulation without mannitol. We concluded that adding 0.5 M mannitol to a lidocaine with epinephrine formulation was not significantly more effective in achieving a greater percentage of total pulpal anesthesia (as defined in this study) than a lidocaine formulation without mannitol in the maxillary lateral incisor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2344\/0003-3006-61.2.63","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,16]],"date-time":"2014-06-16T17:51:36Z","timestamp":1402941096000},"page":"63-68","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Anesthetic Efficacy of a Combination of 0.5 M Mannitol Plus 36.8 mg of Lidocaine With 18.4 \u03bcg Epinephrine in Maxillary Infiltration: A Prospective, Randomized, Single-Blind Study"],"prefix":"10.2344","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Kevin","family":"Younkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Former Graduate Student in Endodontics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, Currently in private practice limited to endodontics, Westerville, Ohio,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Al","family":"Reader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Program Director, Division of Endodontics,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Drum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Division of Endodontics,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Nusstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Chair, Division of Endodontics,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emeritus Associate Professor, Division of Oral Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1191","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3006-61-2-63-b01","series-title":"Svensk Tandl Tidskr","first-page":"831","article-title":"The efficiency of xylocaine as a dental terminal anesthetic as compared to that of procaine","volume":"40","author":"Bjorn\n              H,","year":"1947","unstructured":"Bjorn\n              H, \n            \n              Huldt\n              S. \n          \n          The efficiency of xylocaine as a dental terminal anesthetic as compared to that of procaine. 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Quintessence Int. 2005;36:197\u2013201."},{"key":"i0003-3006-61-2-63-b13","series-title":"J Endod","first-page":"1021","article-title":"A prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of bupivacaine and lidocaine for maxillary infiltrations","volume":"33","author":"Gross\n              R,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gross\n              R, \n            \n              McCartney\n              M, \n            \n              Reader\n              A, \n            \n              Beck\n              M. \n          \n          A prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of bupivacaine and lidocaine for maxillary infiltrations. J Endod. 2007;33:1021\u20131024."},{"key":"i0003-3006-61-2-63-b14","series-title":"J Endod","first-page":"121","article-title":"Anesthetic efficacy of 1.8 mL and 3.6 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine for maxillary infiltrations","volume":"34","author":"Mikesell\n              A,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mikesell\n              A, \n            \n              Drum\n              M, \n            \n              Reader\n              A, \n            \n              Beck\n              M. \n          \n          Anesthetic efficacy of 1.8 mL and 3.6 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine for maxillary infiltrations. 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