{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T18:11:35Z","timestamp":1759515095851},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Dental Society of Anesthesiology (ADSA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>In this study, by measuring bispectral index (BIS), we tested the hypothesis that intravenous adenosine 5\u2032-triphosphate (ATP) infusion would deepen the level of midazolam-induced sedation. Ten healthy volunteers underwent 2 experiments with at least 2 weeks' interval: immediately after intravenous bolus administration of midazolam (0.04 mg\/kg), they received continuous infusion of either ATP infusion (100 \u03bcg\/kg\/min) or placebo (saline) for 40 minutes in a double-blind, randomized, crossover manner. Changes in BIS values and responsiveness to verbal command as well as cardiorespiratory variables were observed throughout the study periods. Administration of midazolam alone reduced BIS value from control: 97 \u00b1 1 to 68 \u00b1 18 at 25 minutes, which was accompanied by significant cardiopulmonary depressant effects, while maintaining responsiveness to verbal command (consciousness) throughout the study period. Coadministration of ATP with midazolam further reduced BIS value to 51 \u00b1 13, associated with complete loss of consciousness without adverse effect on the cardiorespiratory systems. We conclude that the addition of ATP infusion to midazolam significantly enhances midazolam sedation without disturbing cardiorespiratory functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2344\/0003-3006-61.3.95","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,5]],"date-time":"2014-09-05T19:07:48Z","timestamp":1409944068000},"page":"95-98","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["IV ATP Potentiates Midazolam Sedation as Assessed by Bispectral Index"],"prefix":"10.2344","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Satoru","family":"Sakurai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsuo","family":"Fukunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor Emeritus of Anesthesiology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Ichinohe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Chairman, Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuzuru","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor Emeritus, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1191","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3006-61-3-95-b01","series-title":"Drugs","first-page":"211","article-title":"Adenosine triphosphate: established and potential clinical application","volume":"58","author":"Agteresch\n              HJ,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Agteresch\n              HJ, \n            \n              Dagnelie\n              PC, \n            \n              van den Berg\n              JW, \n            \n              Wilson\n              JH. \n          \n          Adenosine triphosphate: established and potential clinical application. 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