{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:49:49Z","timestamp":1783511389181,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Dental Society of Anesthesiology (ADSA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>The purpose of this prospective, randomized, single-blind study was to determine the anesthetic efficacy of 127.2 mg lidocaine with 50 \u03bcg epinephrine compared to 127.2 mg lidocaine with 50 \u03bcg epinephrine plus 0.5 M mannitol in inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) blocks. Forty subjects randomly received 2 IAN blocks consisting of a 3.18 mL formulation of 127.2 mg lidocaine with 50 \u03bcg epinephrine and a 5 mL formulation of 127.2 mg lidocaine with 50 \u03bcg epinephrine (3.18 mL) plus 0.5 M mannitol (1.82 mL) in 2 separate appointments spaced at least 1 week apart. Mandibular anterior and posterior teeth were blindly electric pulp tested at 4-minute cycles for 60 minutes postinjection. Pain of solution deposition and postoperative pain were also measured. No response from the subject to the maximum output (80 reading) of the pulp tester was used as the criterion for pulpal anesthesia. Total percent pulpal anesthesia was defined as the total of all the times of pulpal anesthesia (80 readings) over the 60 minutes. One hundred percent of the subjects had profound lip numbness with both inferior alveolar nerve blocks. The results demonstrated that a 5 mL formulation of 127.2 mg lidocaine with 50 \u03bcg epinephrine plus 0.5 M mannitol was significantly better than the 3.18 mL formulation of 127.2 mg lidocaine with 50 \u03bcg epinephrine for all teeth. Solution deposition pain and postoperative pain were not statistically different between the lidocaine\/mannitol formulation and the lidocaine formulation without mannitol. We concluded that adding 0.5 M mannitol to a lidocaine with epinephrine formulation was significantly more effective in achieving a greater percentage of total pulpal anesthesia than a lidocaine formulation without mannitol.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2344\/11-00040.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,18]],"date-time":"2013-03-18T20:52:49Z","timestamp":1363639969000},"page":"3-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Anesthetic Efficacy of a Combination of 0.5 M Mannitol Plus 127.2 mg of Lidocaine With 50 \u03bcg Epinephrine in Inferior Alveolar Nerve Blocks: A Prospective Randomized, Single-Blind Study"],"prefix":"10.2344","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Steven","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Former graduate student in Endodontics, The Ohio State University, currently in practice limited to endodontics, Worthington, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Al","family":"Reader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Program Director, Division of Endodontics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Drum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Division of Endodontics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Nusstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor and Chair, Division of Endodontics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emeritus Associate Professor, Division of Oral Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1191","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3006-60-1-3-b01","series-title":"Gen Dent","first-page":"372","article-title":"Anesthetic efficacy of different volumes of lidocaine with epinephrine for inferior alveolar nerve blocks","volume":"50","author":"Nusstein\n              J,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nusstein\n              J, \n            \n              Reader\n              A, \n            \n              Beck\n              FM. \n          \n          Anesthetic efficacy of different volumes of lidocaine with epinephrine for inferior alveolar nerve blocks. 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J Endod. 1992;18:455\u2013459."},{"key":"i0003-3006-60-1-3-b03","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"557","article-title":"Anesthetic efficacy of the mylohyoid nerve block and combination inferior alveolar nerve block\/mylohyoid nerve block","volume":"87","author":"Clark\n              S,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Clark\n              S, \n            \n              Reader\n              A, \n            \n              Beck\n              M, \n            \n              Meyers\n              WJ. \n          \n          Anesthetic efficacy of the mylohyoid nerve block and combination inferior alveolar nerve block\/mylohyoid nerve block. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1999;87:557\u2013563."},{"key":"i0003-3006-60-1-3-b04","series-title":"J Endod","first-page":"265","article-title":"A comparison of articaine and lidocaine for inferior alveolar nerve blocks","volume":"31","author":"Mikesell\n              P,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mikesell\n              P, \n            \n              Nusstein\n              J, \n            \n              Reader\n              A, \n            \n              Beck\n              M, \n            \n              Weaver\n              J. \n          \n          A comparison of articaine and lidocaine for inferior alveolar nerve blocks. 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J Endod. 1996;22:481\u2013486."},{"key":"i0003-3006-60-1-3-b18","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"284","article-title":"Anesthetic efficacy and heart rate effects of the supplemental intraosseous injection of 2% mepivacaine with 1\u2009:\u200920,000 levonordefrin","volume":"87","author":"Guglielmo\n              A,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Guglielmo\n              A, \n            \n              Reader\n              A, \n            \n              Nist\n              R, \n            \n              Beck\n              M, \n            \n              Weaver\n              J. \n          \n          Anesthetic efficacy and heart rate effects of the supplemental intraosseous injection of 2% mepivacaine with 1\u2009:\u200920,000 levonordefrin. 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