{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:03:30Z","timestamp":1791414210543,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Dental Society of Anesthesiology (ADSA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study tested the hypothesis that the amount and severity of preoperative pain will affect the anesthetic efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. One-hundred seventy-seven adult volunteer subjects, actively experiencing pain in a mandibular molar, participated in this prospective double-blind study carried out at 2 different centers. The patients were classified into 3 groups on the basis of severity of preoperative pain: mild, 1\u201354 mm on the Heft-Parker visual analog scale (HP VAS); moderate, 55\u2013114 mm; and severe, greater than 114 mm. After IANB with 1.8 mL of 2% lidocaine, endodontic access preparation was initiated. Pain during treatment was recorded using the HP VAS. The primary outcome measure was the ability to undertake pulp access and canal instrumentation with no or mild pain. The success rates were statistically analyzed by multiple logistic regression test. There was a significant difference between the mild and severe preoperative pain group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .03). There was a positive correlation between the values of preoperative and intraoperative pain (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = .2 and .4 at 2 centers). The amount of preoperative pain can affect the anesthetic success rates of IANB in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2344\/15-00019.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,11]],"date-time":"2015-12-11T08:25:51Z","timestamp":1449822351000},"page":"135-139","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Effect of Preoperative Pain on Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block"],"prefix":"10.2344","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Vivek","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamta","family":"Singla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, SGT Dental College, Gurgaon, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arunajatesan","family":"Subbiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paramasivam","family":"Vivekanandhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikram","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, SGT Dental College, Gurgaon, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritu","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, SGT Dental College, Gurgaon, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venkatachalam","family":"Prakash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagarajan","family":"Geethapriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1191","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3006-62-4-135-b01","series-title":"Endod Topics","first-page":"26","article-title":"Local anesthetic failure in endodontics: mechanisms and management","volume":"1","author":"Hargreaves\n              KM,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hargreaves\n              KM, \n            \n              Keiser\n              K.\n            \n          \n          Local anesthetic failure in endodontics: mechanisms and management. 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Auton Neurosci. 2014;182:4\u201314."},{"key":"i0003-3006-62-4-135-b07","series-title":"Mol Pain","first-page":"59","article-title":"Mechanisms involved in an increment of multimodal excitability of medullary and upper cervical dorsal horn neurons following cutaneous capsaicin treatment","volume":"4","author":"Honda\n              K,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Honda\n              K, \n            \n              Kitagawa\n              J, \n            \n              Sessle\n              BJ, \n            et al\n          . Mechanisms involved in an increment of multimodal excitability of medullary and upper cervical dorsal horn neurons following cutaneous capsaicin treatment. 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Comparison of the anesthetic efficacy between bupivacaine and lidocaine in patients with irreversible pulpitis of mandibular molar","volume":"38","author":"Sampaio\n              RM,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sampaio\n              RM, \n            \n              Carnaval\n              TG, \n            \n              Lanfredi\n              CB, \n          \n          Ratto Tempestini Horliana AC, Rocha RG, Tortamano IP. Comparison of the anesthetic efficacy between bupivacaine and lidocaine in patients with irreversible pulpitis of mandibular molar. J Endod. 2012;38:594\u2013597."},{"key":"i0003-3006-62-4-135-b13","series-title":"J Endod","first-page":"598","article-title":"Anesthetic efficacy of combinations of 0.5 mol\/L mannitol and lidocaine with epinephrine for inferior alveolar nerve blocks in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis","volume":"38","author":"Kreimer\n              T,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kreimer\n              T, \n            \n              Kiser\n              R\n              II, \n            \n              Reader\n              A, \n            \n              Nusstein\n              J, \n            \n              Drum\n              M, \n            \n              Beck\n              M.\n            \n          \n          Anesthetic efficacy of combinations of 0.5 mol\/L mannitol and lidocaine with epinephrine for inferior alveolar nerve blocks in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. J Endod. 2012;38:598\u2013603."},{"key":"i0003-3006-62-4-135-b14","series-title":"Int Endod J","first-page":"660","article-title":"Anaesthetic efficacy of supplemental lingual infiltration of mandibular molars after inferior alveolar nerve block plus buccal infiltration in patients with irreversible pulpitis","volume":"46","author":"Dou\n              L,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dou\n              L, \n            \n              Luo\n              J, \n            \n              Yang\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Anaesthetic efficacy of supplemental lingual infiltration of mandibular molars after inferior alveolar nerve block plus buccal infiltration in patients with irreversible pulpitis. 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Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;104:571\u2013575."},{"key":"i0003-3006-62-4-135-b17","series-title":"Pain","first-page":"84","article-title":"Molecular mechanism for local anesthetic action of eugenol in the rat trigeminal system","volume":"144","author":"Park\n              CK,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Park\n              CK, \n            \n              Kim\n              K, \n            \n              Jung\n              SJ, \n            et al\n          . Molecular mechanism for local anesthetic action of eugenol in the rat trigeminal system. Pain. 2009;144:84\u201394."},{"key":"i0003-3006-62-4-135-b18","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e52840","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying ectopic persistent tooth-pulp pain following pulpal inflammation","volume":"8","author":"Matsuura\n              S,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Matsuura\n              S, \n            \n              Shimizu\n              K, \n            \n              Shinoda\n              M, \n            et al\n          . Mechanisms underlying ectopic persistent tooth-pulp pain following pulpal inflammation. PLoS One. 2013;8:e52840."},{"key":"i0003-3006-62-4-135-b19","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","first-page":"18820","article-title":"Activation of TRPV1 in the spinal cord by oxidized linoleic acid metabolites contributes to inflammatory hyperalgesia","volume":"106","author":"Patwardhan\n              AM,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Patwardhan\n              AM, \n            \n              Scotland\n              PE, \n            \n              Akopian\n              AN, \n            \n              Hargreaves\n              KM.\n            \n          \n          Activation of TRPV1 in the spinal cord by oxidized linoleic acid metabolites contributes to inflammatory hyperalgesia. 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Evoked bursting in injured A\u03b2 dorsal root ganglion neurons: a mechanism underlying tactile allodynia. Pain. 2012;153:657\u2013665."},{"key":"i0003-3006-62-4-135-b22","series-title":"Pain","first-page":"414","article-title":"Neuronal hyperexcitability in the dorsal horn after painful facet joint injury","volume":"151","author":"Quinn\n              KP,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Quinn\n              KP, \n            \n              Dong\n              L, \n            \n              Golder\n              FJ, \n            \n              Winkelstein\n              BA.\n            \n          \n          Neuronal hyperexcitability in the dorsal horn after painful facet joint injury. Pain. 2010;151:414\u2013421."},{"key":"i0003-3006-62-4-135-b23","series-title":"Brain Res Rev","first-page":"114","article-title":"Rapid pain modulation with nuclear receptor ligands","volume":"60","author":"Fehrenbacher\n              JC,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fehrenbacher\n              JC, \n            \n              Loverme\n              J, \n            \n              Clarke\n              W, \n            \n              Hargreaves\n              KM, \n            \n              Piomelli\n              D, \n            \n              Taylor\n              BK.\n            \n          \n          Rapid pain modulation with nuclear receptor ligands. Brain Res Rev. 2009;60:114\u2013124."},{"key":"i0003-3006-62-4-135-b24","series-title":"Pain","first-page":"S2","article-title":"Central sensitization: implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain","volume":"152","author":"Woolf\n              CJ.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Woolf\n              CJ.\n            \n          \n          Central sensitization: implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain. Pain. 2011;152:S2\u201315."},{"key":"i0003-3006-62-4-135-b25","series-title":"J Endod","first-page":"796","article-title":"Measurement of mechanical allodynia and local anesthetic efficacy in patients with irreversible pulpitis and acute periradicular periodontitis","volume":"33","author":"Khan\n              AA,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Khan\n              AA, \n            \n              Owatz\n              CB, \n            \n              Schindler\n              WG, \n            \n              Schwartz\n              SA, \n            \n              Keiser\n              K, \n            \n              Hargreaves\n              KM.\n            \n          \n          Measurement of mechanical allodynia and local anesthetic efficacy in patients with irreversible pulpitis and acute periradicular periodontitis. J Endod. 2007;33:796\u2013799."},{"key":"i0003-3006-62-4-135-b26","series-title":"J Endod","first-page":"919","article-title":"Speed of injection influences efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve blocks: a double-blind randomized controlled trial in volunteers","volume":"32","author":"Kanaa\n              MD,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kanaa\n              MD, \n            \n              Meechan\n              JG, \n            \n              Corbett\n              IP, \n            \n              Whitworth\n              JM.\n            \n          \n          Speed of injection influences efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve blocks: a double-blind randomized controlled trial in volunteers. J Endod. 2006;32:919\u2013923."},{"key":"i0003-3006-62-4-135-b27","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Dent","first-page":"10","article-title":"Faster onset and more comfortable injection with alkalinized 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000","volume":"34","author":"Malamed\n              SF,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Malamed\n              SF, \n            \n              Tavana\n              S, \n            \n              Falkel\n              M.\n            \n          \n          Faster onset and more comfortable injection with alkalinized 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2013;34:10\u201320."}],"container-title":["Anesthesia Progress"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/anesthesiaprogress.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/anpr\/62\/4\/article-p135.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/anesthesia-progress\/article-pdf\/62\/4\/135\/2102043\/15-00019_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anesthesiaprogress.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/anpr\/62\/4\/article-p135.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anesthesiaprogress.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/anpr\/62\/4\/article-p135.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T12:34:20Z","timestamp":1728304460000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anesthesiaprogress.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/anpr\/62\/4\/article-p135.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2344\/15-00019.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3006","1878-7177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3006","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-7177","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}