{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T17:55:26Z","timestamp":1781114126790,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Dental Society of Anesthesiology (ADSA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The incidence of anaphylactic\/anaphylactoid reactions has been reported to vary between 1\u2009:\u20093500 and 1\u2009:\u200920,000 cases with a mortality rate ranging from 3 to 9%. Clinical signs present as skin rash, urticaria, angioedema, bronchospasm, tachycardia, bradycardia, and hypotension. Rapid identification and treatment are crucial to overall patient prognosis, as delayed intervention is associated with increased mortality. Diagnosis may be confirmed with clinical presentation, serum tryptase levels, and skin test results. While the main causative agents in anesthetic practice are typically neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBs), latex, and antibiotics, this review aims to discuss recognition, management, and preventive measures in perioperative anaphylactic\/anaphylactoid reactions from benzodiazepine administration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2344\/16-00019.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T20:25:08Z","timestamp":1472761508000},"page":"160-167","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Benzodiazepine Allergy With Anesthesia Administration: A Review of Current Literature"],"prefix":"10.2344","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Elliot","family":"Haybarger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentist Anesthesiologist, Greenville, South Carolina. Former Resident in Dental Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident in Dental Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph A.","family":"Giovannitti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Chair, Department of Dental Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1191","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3006-63-3-160-b01","series-title":"Can J Anaesth","first-page":"545","article-title":"Serious intraoperative problems: a five-year review of 83,844 anesthetics","volume":"49","author":"Fasting \n              S,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fasting \n              S, \n            \n            \n              Gisvold \n              SE. \n            \n          \n          Serious intraoperative problems: a five-year review of 83,844 anesthetics. Can J Anaesth. 2002;49:545\u2013553."},{"key":"i0003-3006-63-3-160-b02","series-title":"Anesth Analg","first-page":"1381","article-title":"Anaphylaxis during the perioperative period","volume":"97","author":"Hepner \n              DL,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hepner \n              DL, \n            \n            \n              Castells \n              MC. \n            \n          \n          Anaphylaxis during the perioperative period. Anesth Analg. 2003;97:1381\u20131395."},{"key":"i0003-3006-63-3-160-b03","series-title":"Basics of Anesthesia. 6th ed","author":"Miller \n              RD,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Miller \n              RD, \n            \n            \n              Manuel \n              P, \n            \n            \n              Stoelting \n              RK. \n            \n          \n          Basics of Anesthesia. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier\/Saunders;2011."},{"key":"i0003-3006-63-3-160-b04","series-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol","first-page":"284","article-title":"Anaphylaxis caused by tetrazepam without cross-reactivity with other benzodiazepines","volume":"108","author":"Martinez-Tadeo \n              JA,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Martinez-Tadeo \n              JA, \n            \n            \n              Perez-Rodriguez \n              E. \n            \n          \n          Anaphylaxis caused by tetrazepam without cross-reactivity with other benzodiazepines. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2012;108:284\u2013285."},{"key":"i0003-3006-63-3-160-b05","series-title":"Br Med J","first-page":"902","article-title":"Allergy to diazepam and other benzodiazepines","volume":"1","author":"Ghosh \n              JS.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Ghosh \n              JS. \n            \n          \n          Allergy to diazepam and other benzodiazepines. Br Med J. 1977;1:902\u2013903."},{"key":"i0003-3006-63-3-160-b06","series-title":"Br Med J","first-page":"444","article-title":"Allergy to diazepam","volume":"1","author":"Majumdar \n              SK.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Majumdar \n              SK. \n            \n          \n          Allergy to diazepam. Br Med J. 1977;1:444."},{"key":"i0003-3006-63-3-160-b07","series-title":"Allergy Net","first-page":"1209","article-title":"Hypersensitivity to diazepam","volume":"57","author":"Asero \n              R.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Asero \n              R. \n            \n          \n          Hypersensitivity to diazepam. Allergy Net. 2002;57:1209\u20131215."},{"key":"i0003-3006-63-3-160-b08","series-title":"Crit Care Med","first-page":"307","article-title":"Midazolam-induced angioedema and bronchoconstriction","volume":"20","author":"Yakel \n              DL,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Yakel \n              DL, \n            \n            \n              Whittaker \n              SE, \n            \n            \n              Elstad \n              MR. \n            \n          \n          Midazolam-induced angioedema and bronchoconstriction. Crit Care Med. 1992;20:307\u2013308."},{"key":"i0003-3006-63-3-160-b09","series-title":"Clinical Endoscopy Clin Endosc","first-page":"262","article-title":"A case of midazolam anaphylaxis","volume":"47","author":"Shin \n              JG,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shin \n              JG, \n            \n            \n              Hwang \n              JH, \n            \n            \n              Lee \n              BS, \n            \n            et al. \n          A case of midazolam anaphylaxis. 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Kor Jour of Anesth. 2010;59:S1\u2013S2."},{"key":"i0003-3006-63-3-160-b13","series-title":"Ind Jour of Anesth","first-page":"630","article-title":"Anaphylaxis with midazolam: our experience","volume":"55","author":"George \n              C,","year":"2011","unstructured":"George \n              C, \n            \n            \n              Williams \n              A. \n            \n          \n          Anaphylaxis with midazolam: our experience. 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Br J Anaesth. 2001;87:549\u2013558."},{"key":"i0003-3006-63-3-160-b27","series-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol","first-page":"459","article-title":"Allergic emergencies seen in surgical suites","volume":"17","author":"Vervloet \n              D,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Vervloet \n              D, \n            \n            \n              Magnan \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Birnbaum \n              J, \n            \n            et al. \n          Allergic emergencies seen in surgical suites. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 1999;17:459\u2013467."},{"key":"i0003-3006-63-3-160-b28","series-title":"Allergy","first-page":"162","article-title":"Long term evaluation of usefulness of skin and incremental challenge tests in patients with history of adverse reaction to local anesthetics","volume":"50","author":"Wasserfallen \n              JB,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wasserfallen \n              JB, \n            \n            \n              Frey \n              PC. \n            \n          \n          Long term evaluation of usefulness of skin and incremental challenge tests in patients with history of adverse reaction to local anesthetics. 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Anesthesia Analgesia. 2013;117:1373\u20131379."},{"key":"i0003-3006-63-3-160-b31","series-title":"Pediatr Anesthesia","first-page":"667","article-title":"Effects of preanesthetic administration of midazolam, clonidine, or dexmedetomidine on postoperative pain and anxiety in children","volume":"17","author":"Schmidt \n              AP,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schmidt \n              AP, \n            \n            \n              Valinetti \n              EA, \n            \n            \n              Bandeira \n              D, \n            \n            \n              Bertacchi \n              MF, \n            \n            \n              Sim\u00f5es \n              CM, \n            \n            \n              Auler \n              J. \n            \n          \n          Effects of preanesthetic administration of midazolam, clonidine, or dexmedetomidine on postoperative pain and anxiety in children. Pediatr Anesthesia. 2007;17:667\u2013674."},{"key":"i0003-3006-63-3-160-b32","series-title":"Pulmon Med","first-page":"1","article-title":"Intravenous dexmedetomidine provides superior patient comfort and tolerance compared to intravenous midazolam in patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy","author":"Goneppanavar \n              U,","year":"2015;2015","unstructured":"Goneppanavar \n              U, \n            \n            \n              Magazine \n              R, \n            \n            \n              Janardhana \n              BP, \n            \n            \n              Achar \n              SK. \n            \n          \n          Intravenous dexmedetomidine provides superior patient comfort and tolerance compared to intravenous midazolam in patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy. 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