{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:10:18Z","timestamp":1789578618210,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Dental Society of Anesthesiology (ADSA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of midazolam\/meperidine (M\/M) vs midazolam\/hydromorphone (M\/H) for enteral moderate sedation along with inhalational sedation in pediatric dental patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This retrospective chart review analyzed the charts of pediatric patients who received dental treatment under enteral moderate sedation with either M\/M or M\/H in combination with inhalational sedation (nitrous oxide\/oxygen) at El Rio Community Health Centers (affiliated with NYU Langone) in Tucson, Arizona, from July 2014 to December 2020. Included subjects were between 2 and 5 years of age, less than 20 kg, and otherwise healthy. In addition to demographic and drug-dosing data, treatment completion, sedation level, behavioral score, overall effectiveness, and sedation duration data were collected and analyzed from each patient\u2019s chart.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    No statistically significant differences were observed when comparing the 2 drug regimens in treatment completion (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .89), sedation level (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .74), and overall effectiveness (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .70). There was a statistically significant difference in behavior scoring, with the M\/H group demonstrating higher scores (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .04) than the M\/M group.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The combination of midazolam and hydromorphone may provide an effective alternative to midazolam and meperidine when used with inhalational sedation (nitrous oxide\/oxygen) for the moderate sedation of pediatric dental patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2344\/22-00037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T08:42:42Z","timestamp":1715244162000},"page":"15-18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Efficacy of Midazolam\/Meperidine vs Midazolam\/Hydromorphone for Enteral Moderate Sedation in the Pediatric Dental Patient"],"prefix":"10.2344","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Bryce W.","family":"Kinard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric dentist, Private Practice, Ventura, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Zale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adjunct Clinical Faculty, Advanced Education in Pediatric Dentistry, NYU Langone Health, Tucson, AZ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth L.","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Program Director, Dental Anesthesiology, Attending in Anesthesia, Advanced Education in General Dentistry, Graduate Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Anesthesiology, NYU Langone Hospital - Brooklyn. Brooklyn, NY; Affiliate Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, The Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Clinical Instructor, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Adjunct Professor..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1191","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry","first-page":"39","article-title":"Policy on oral health care programs for Infants, children, adolescents, and individuals with special health care needs","author":"American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry","year":"2021","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Policy on oral health care programs for Infants, children, adolescents, and individuals with special health care needs. In: The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2021:39-42."},{"key":"r2","series-title":": The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry","first-page":"306","article-title":"Behavior guidance for the pediatric dental patient","author":"American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry","year":"2021","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Behavior guidance for the pediatric dental patient. In: The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2021:306."},{"key":"r3","series-title":"McDonald and Avery's Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent","first-page":"627","article-title":"oral surgery for the pediatric patient","author":"Femeini EM,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Femeini EM, Bennett JD. oral surgery for the pediatric patient. In: Dean JA, ed. McDonald and Avery's Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent. 10th ed. Elsevier: 2016;627-644."},{"issue":"2","key":"r4","series-title":"Anesth Prog","first-page":"66","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of 3 pediatric midazolam moderate sedation regimens","volume":"64","author":"Gentz R,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gentz R, Casamassimo P, Amini H, Claman D, Smiley M. Safety and efficacy of 3 pediatric midazolam moderate sedation regimens. Anesth Prog. 2017; 64(2):66-72. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2344\/anpr-64-02-04"},{"issue":"2","key":"r5","series-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent","first-page":"152","article-title":"Retrospective comparisons of the efficacy and safety of variable dosing of midazolam with and without meperidine for management of varying levels of anxiety of pediatric dental patients: 35 years of sedation experience","volume":"46","author":"Nathan JE.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nathan JE. Retrospective comparisons of the efficacy and safety of variable dosing of midazolam with and without meperidine for management of varying levels of anxiety of pediatric dental patients: 35 years of sedation experience. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2022; 46(2):152-159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17796\/1053-4625-46.2.11"},{"issue":"1","key":"r6","series-title":"Nursing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NURSE.0000365924.16631.a4","article-title":"Where has all the meperidine gone","volume":"40","author":"Dobbins EH.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dobbins EH. Where has all the meperidine gone? Nursing. 2010; 40(1):65-66. doi:10.1097\/01.NURSE.0000365924.16631.a4"},{"key":"r7","series-title":"The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry","first-page":"606","article-title":"Resources: sedation record","author":"American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry","year":"2021","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Resources: sedation record. In: The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2021:606-607."},{"issue":"5","key":"r8","series-title":"Pediatrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2021054729","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-054729","article-title":"Trends in routine opioid dispensing after common pediatric surgeries in the United States: 2014\u20132019","volume":"149","author":"Sutherland TN,","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sutherland TN, Wunsch H, Newcomb C, Hadland S, Gaskins L, Neuman MD. Trends in routine opioid dispensing after common pediatric surgeries in the United States: 2014\u20132019. Pediatrics. 2022; 149(5):e2021054729. doi:10.1542\/peds.2021-054729"},{"issue":"4","key":"r9","series-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2011.01192.x","article-title":"Optimising the dose of oral midazolam sedation for dental procedures in children: a prospective, randomised, and controlled study","volume":"22","author":"Somri M,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Somri M, Parisinos CA, Kharouba J, . Optimising the dose of oral midazolam sedation for dental procedures in children: a prospective, randomised, and controlled study. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2012; 22(4):271-279. doi:10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2011.01192.x"},{"key":"r1","series-title":"The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry","first-page":"39","article-title":"Policy on oral health care programs for Infants, children, adolescents, and individuals with special health care needs","author":"American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry","year":"2021","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Policy on oral health care programs for Infants, children, adolescents, and individuals with special health care needs. In: The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2021:39-42."},{"key":"r2","series-title":": The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry","first-page":"306","article-title":"Behavior guidance for the pediatric dental patient","author":"American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry","year":"2021","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Behavior guidance for the pediatric dental patient. In: The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2021:306."},{"key":"r3","series-title":"McDonald and Avery's Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent","first-page":"627","article-title":"oral surgery for the pediatric patient","author":"Femeini EM,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Femeini EM, Bennett JD. oral surgery for the pediatric patient. In: Dean JA, ed. McDonald and Avery's Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent. 10th ed. Elsevier: 2016;627-644."},{"issue":"2","key":"r4","series-title":"Anesth Prog","first-page":"66","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of 3 pediatric midazolam moderate sedation regimens","volume":"64","author":"Gentz R,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gentz R, Casamassimo P, Amini H, Claman D, Smiley M. Safety and efficacy of 3 pediatric midazolam moderate sedation regimens. Anesth Prog. 2017; 64(2):66-72. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2344\/anpr-64-02-04"},{"issue":"2","key":"r5","series-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent","first-page":"152","article-title":"Retrospective comparisons of the efficacy and safety of variable dosing of midazolam with and without meperidine for management of varying levels of anxiety of pediatric dental patients: 35 years of sedation experience","volume":"46","author":"Nathan JE.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nathan JE. Retrospective comparisons of the efficacy and safety of variable dosing of midazolam with and without meperidine for management of varying levels of anxiety of pediatric dental patients: 35 years of sedation experience. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2022; 46(2):152-159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17796\/1053-4625-46.2.11"},{"issue":"1","key":"r6","series-title":"Nursing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NURSE.0000365924.16631.a4","article-title":"Where has all the meperidine gone","volume":"40","author":"Dobbins EH.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dobbins EH. Where has all the meperidine gone? Nursing. 2010; 40(1):65-66. doi:10.1097\/01.NURSE.0000365924.16631.a4"},{"key":"r7","series-title":"The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry","first-page":"606","article-title":"Resources: sedation record","author":"American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry","year":"2021","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Resources: sedation record. In: The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2021:606-607."},{"issue":"5","key":"r8","series-title":"Pediatrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2021054729","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-054729","article-title":"Trends in routine opioid dispensing after common pediatric surgeries in the United States: 2014\u20132019","volume":"149","author":"Sutherland TN,","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sutherland TN, Wunsch H, Newcomb C, Hadland S, Gaskins L, Neuman MD. Trends in routine opioid dispensing after common pediatric surgeries in the United States: 2014\u20132019. Pediatrics. 2022; 149(5):e2021054729. doi:10.1542\/peds.2021-054729"},{"issue":"4","key":"r9","series-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2011.01192.x","article-title":"Optimising the dose of oral midazolam sedation for dental procedures in children: a prospective, randomised, and controlled study","volume":"22","author":"Somri M,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Somri M, Parisinos CA, Kharouba J, . Optimising the dose of oral midazolam sedation for dental procedures in children: a prospective, randomised, and controlled study. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2012; 22(4):271-279. doi:10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2011.01192.x"}],"container-title":["Anesthesia Progress"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/anesthesiaprogress.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/anpr\/71\/1\/article-p15.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anesthesiaprogress.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/anpr\/71\/1\/article-p15.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anesthesiaprogress.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/anpr\/71\/1\/article-p15.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T02:19:57Z","timestamp":1779848397000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anesthesiaprogress.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/anpr\/71\/1\/article-p15.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2344\/22-00037","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-7177","0003-3006"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-7177","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0003-3006","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}}}