{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:56:26Z","timestamp":1781744186543,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"American Dental Society of Anesthesiology (ADSA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) comprise a group of multifactorial conditions involving the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joint, and associated structures influenced by biomechanical, neuromuscular, and biopsychosocial factors. Myogenous TMDs may involve muscle hyperactivity, parafunction, and central sensitization, contributing to chronic pain and functional limitation. Oral skeletal muscle relaxants (SMRs) are commonly used as adjunctive pharmacologic therapy; however, these agents vary considerably in mechanism, efficacy, and safety. This review summarizes the pharmacology, clinical evidence, and risk profiles of commonly prescribed SMRs\u2014including cyclobenzaprine, baclofen, tizanidine, and others\u2014within the context of chronic TMD management. Evidence supports short-term benefit for select agents, though data for chronic daily use remain limited. Given concerns regarding sedation, dependence, hepatotoxicity, and interactions with polypharmacy, clinicians should employ these medications judiciously and primarily for acute exacerbations rather than long-term therapy. An evidence-based, multimodal approach remains essential for optimizing care in patients with chronic TMDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2344\/25-0020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:30:49Z","timestamp":1781742649000},"page":"120-129","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Review of Oral Muscle Relaxants Used for Chronic Temporomandibular Disorder Pain"],"prefix":"10.2344","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Dharm","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental resident, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aviv","family":"Ouanounou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate professor, Pharmacology & Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1191","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"i1878-7177-73-2-120-b01","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"908","article-title":"Temporomandibular disorders and dental occlusion: a systematic review of association studies: end of an era","volume":"44","author":"Manfredini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Manfredini D,\nLombardo L,\nSiciliani G. 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Med Clin (Barc). 2024;163(2):74\u201377."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1878-7177-73-2-120-b52","series-title":"Dent Clin North Am","first-page":"367","article-title":"Pharmacologic treatment for temporomandibular disorders","volume":"60","author":"Dym","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dym H,\nBowler D,\nZeidan J. Pharmacologic treatment for temporomandibular disorders. Dent Clin North Am. 2016;60(2):367\u2013379."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1878-7177-73-2-120-b53","series-title":"J Med Toxicol","first-page":"402","article-title":"Serotonin syndrome associated with metaxalone overdose","volume":"10","author":"Bosak","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bosak AR,\nSkolnik AB. Serotonin syndrome associated with metaxalone overdose. 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