{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:28:49Z","timestamp":1790108929892,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"American Dental Society of Anesthesiology (ADSA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Dental treatment of young pediatric patients can be confounded by lack of cooperation for dental rehabilitation procedures and even examination and\/or radiographs. With the recent US Food and Drug Administration warning applied to many anesthetic\/sedative agents for children less than 3 years old, a retrospective review of general anesthesia (GA) cases from 1 private pediatric dental practice was studied for age, gender, body mass index, anesthetic duration, airway management used, extent of dental surgical treatment, recovery time, and cardiac\/pulmonary complications. For the 2016 calendar year, 351 consecutive GA cases were identified with patients aged 2\u201313 years. Of these, 336 underwent nasal endotracheal intubation. Forty-six of 351 patients (13%) were younger than 3 years. Median anesthesia duration was approximately 1.7 hours for all age groups. Dental treatment consisting of 8\u20139 teeth including crowns, fillings, and extractions was most frequently encountered. One hundred sixty-eight patients (48%), however, required care for 10\u201318 teeth. There were no episodes of significant oxygen desaturation. The overall complication rate was 1.1%, with 2 cases of postextubation croup, 1 case of mild intraoperative bronchospasm, and 1 case of intraoperative bradycardia. Complications did not correlate with children being overweight or obese.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2344\/anpr-65-03-04","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,3]],"date-time":"2019-01-03T20:13:09Z","timestamp":1546546389000},"page":"225-230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Pediatric Dental Surgery Under General Anesthesia: Uncooperative Children"],"prefix":"10.2344","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emeritus Professor, Anesthesiology and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Navin S.","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Pediatric Dentistry, Richmond, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaavya S.","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia Research Assistant, Virginia Dental and Anesthesia Associates, Richmond, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert L.","family":"Pope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Pediatric Dentistry, Richmond, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey R.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentist Anesthesiologist, Virginia Dental and Anesthesia Associates, Richmond, Virginia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1191","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3006-65-4-225-b01","series-title":"FDA drug safety communication: FDA review results in new warnings about using general anesthetics and sedation drugs in young children and pregnant women","unstructured":"FDA drug safety communication: FDA review results in new warnings about using general anesthetics and sedation drugs in young children and pregnant women. Available at: www.fda.gov\/drugs\/drugsafety\/ucm532356. Accessed December 14, 2016."},{"key":"i0003-3006-65-4-225-b02","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"905","article-title":"Anesthesia and developing brains\u2014implications of the FDA warning","volume":"376","author":"Andropoulos \n              DB,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Andropoulos \n              DB, \n            \n            \n              Green \n              MF. \n            \n          \n          Anesthesia and developing brains\u2014implications of the FDA warning. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:905\u2013907."},{"key":"i0003-3006-65-4-225-b03","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Cognition and brain structure following early childhood surgery with anesthesia","volume":"136","author":"Backeljauw \n              B,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Backeljauw \n              B, \n            \n            \n              Holland \n              SK, \n            \n            \n              Altaye \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Loepke \n              AW. \n            \n          \n          Cognition and brain structure following early childhood surgery with anesthesia. Pediatrics. 2015;136: e1\u2013e12."},{"key":"i0003-3006-65-4-225-b04","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"2312","article-title":"Association between a single general anesthesia exposure before age 36 months and neurocognitive outcomes in later childhood","volume":"315","author":"Sun \n              LS,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sun \n              LS, \n            \n            \n              Li \n              G, \n            \n            \n              Miller \n              TL, \n            \n            et al. \n          Association between a single general anesthesia exposure before age 36 months and neurocognitive outcomes in later childhood. JAMA. 2016;315:2312\u20132320."},{"key":"i0003-3006-65-4-225-b05","series-title":"Anesthesiology","first-page":"796","article-title":"Early exposure to anesthesia and learning disabilities in a population-based birth cohort","volume":"110","author":"Wilder \n              RT,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wilder \n              RT, \n            \n            \n              Flick \n              RP, \n            \n            \n              Sprung \n              J, \n            \n            et al. \n          Early exposure to anesthesia and learning disabilities in a population-based birth cohort. Anesthesiology. 2009;110:796\u2013804."},{"key":"i0003-3006-65-4-225-b06","series-title":"Anesth Analg","first-page":"1259","article-title":"Bradycardia during induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane in children with Down's syndrome","volume":"111","author":"Kraemer \n              FW,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kraemer \n              FW, \n            \n            \n              Striker \n              PA, \n            \n            \n              Gumaney \n              HG, \n            \n            et al. \n          Bradycardia during induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane in children with Down's syndrome. Anesth Analg. 2010;111:1259\u20131263."},{"key":"i0003-3006-65-4-225-b07","series-title":"Pediatr Anesthesiol","first-page":"733","article-title":"Frequency of anesthesia related complications in children with Down's syndrome under general anesthesia for noncardiac procedures","volume":"14","author":"Borland \n              LA,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Borland \n              LA, \n            \n            \n              Colligan \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Brandom \n              BW. \n            \n          \n          Frequency of anesthesia related complications in children with Down's syndrome under general anesthesia for noncardiac procedures. Pediatr Anesthesiol. 2004;14:733\u2013738."},{"key":"i0003-3006-65-4-225-b08","series-title":"Pediatr Anesthesiol","first-page":"795","article-title":"The incidence and nature of adverse events during pediatric sedation\/anesthesia with propofol outside the operating room: a report from the pediatric sedation research consortium","volume":"108","author":"Cravero \n              JP,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cravero \n              JP, \n            \n            \n              Beach \n              ML, \n            \n            \n              Bilke \n              GT, \n            \n            et al. \n          The incidence and nature of adverse events during pediatric sedation\/anesthesia with propofol outside the operating room: a report from the pediatric sedation research consortium. Pediatr Anesthesiol. 2009;108:795\u2013804."},{"key":"i0003-3006-65-4-225-b09","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"1531","article-title":"Adverse events and outcomes of conscious sedation for pediatric patients: study of an oral sedation regime","volume":"132","author":"Leelataweedwud \n              P,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Leelataweedwud \n              P, \n            \n            \n              Vann \n              W. \n            \n          \n          Adverse events and outcomes of conscious sedation for pediatric patients: study of an oral sedation regime. J Am Dent Assoc. 2001;132:1531\u20131539."},{"key":"i0003-3006-65-4-225-b10","series-title":"Br J Anaesth","first-page":"743","article-title":"Sedation and general anaesthesia in children undergoing MRI and CT: adverse events and outcomes","volume":"84","author":"Malviya \n              S,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Malviya \n              S, \n            \n            \n              Voepel-Lewis \n              OP, \n            \n            \n              Eldevik \n              DT. \n            \n          \n          Sedation and general anaesthesia in children undergoing MRI and CT: adverse events and outcomes. Br J Anaesth. 2000;84:743\u2013748."},{"key":"i0003-3006-65-4-225-b11","series-title":"Paediatr Anaesth","first-page":"426","article-title":"Childhood body mass index and perioperative complications","volume":"17","author":"Nafiu \n              OO,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nafiu \n              OO, \n            \n            \n              Reynolds \n              PI, \n            \n            \n              Bamgbade \n              OA, \n            \n            et al. \n          Childhood body mass index and perioperative complications. Paediatr Anaesth. 2007;17:426\u2013430."},{"key":"i0003-3006-65-4-225-b12","series-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"89","article-title":"Obesity and risk of peri-operative complications in children presenting for adenotonsillectomy","volume":"73","author":"Nafui \n              OO,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nafui \n              OO, \n            \n            \n              Green \n              GE, \n            \n            \n              Walton \n              S, \n            \n            et al. \n          Obesity and risk of peri-operative complications in children presenting for adenotonsillectomy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2009;73:89\u201395."}],"container-title":["Anesthesia Progress"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/anesthesiaprogress.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/anpr\/65\/4\/article-p225.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/anesthesia-progress\/article-pdf\/65\/4\/225\/2324152\/anpr-65-03-04.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anesthesiaprogress.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/anpr\/65\/4\/article-p225.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anesthesiaprogress.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/anpr\/65\/4\/article-p225.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T08:42:25Z","timestamp":1728290545000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anesthesiaprogress.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/anpr\/65\/4\/article-p225.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2344\/anpr-65-03-04","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3006","1878-7177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3006","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-7177","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}