{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T04:15:58Z","timestamp":1728360958235},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Dental Society of Anesthesiology (ADSA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Articaine is a low-toxicity local anesthetic that is widely used in dentistry. Typically, epinephrine is added to prolong the duration of articaine local anesthesia; however, epinephrine exhibits adverse effects. Low-dose dexmedetomidine (DEX), an \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-adrenoreceptor agonist, reportedly prolongs local anesthesia without notable adverse cardiovascular effects. The purpose of this study was to assess whether a combination of low-dose DEX and articaine would provide a low-toxicity local anesthetic option for dental procedures without adverse cardiovascular effects. Thus, this study investigated whether DEX could prolong the local anesthetic effect of articaine using a rat model of pain. Adult male Wistar rats (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 44; 11 per group) received a 50-\u03bcL subcutaneous injection into the plantar surface of the hind paws; injections were composed of either normal saline, 4% articaine (2 mg articaine), combined 5 \u03bcg\/kg DEX and 4% articaine (1.25 \u03bcg DEX + 2 mg articaine), or combined epinephrine (1:100,000) and 4% articaine (0.9 \u03bcg epinephrine + 2 mg articaine). Subsequent acute pain perception was determined by paw withdrawal movement in response to infrared radiant heat stimulation of the plantar region. Paw withdrawal latency was tested at 5-minute intervals. Paw withdrawal latency values at 35 and 40 minutes were 3.83 \u00b1 1.76 and 3.29 \u00b1 1.43 seconds for articaine alone, 7.89 \u00b1 2.72 and 7.25 \u00b1 3.37 seconds for DEX and articaine, and 8.95 \u00b1 2.28 and 8.17 \u00b1 3.01 seconds for epinephrine and articaine. DEX prolonged the paw withdrawal latency of articaine for up to 35 minutes (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .015) but not 40 minutes after injection (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .052) when compared to articaine alone. The combination of DEX and articaine can provide effective local anesthesia for up to 35 minutes after injection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2344\/anpr-66-04-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T22:47:17Z","timestamp":1594075637000},"page":"72-78","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Adding Dexmedetomidine to Articaine Increases the Latency of Thermal Antinociception in Rats"],"prefix":"10.2344","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Yukako","family":"Tsutsui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Anesthesiology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsuhisa","family":"Sunada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Anesthesiology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1191","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3006-67-2-72-b01","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"635","article-title":"Efficacy of articaine: a new amide local anesthetic","volume":"131","author":"Malamed","year":"2000","unstructured":"Malamed\n              SF,\n            \n            \n              Gagnon\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Leblanc\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Efficacy of articaine: a new amide local anesthetic.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Am Dent Assoc.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;131:635\u2013642."},{"key":"i0003-3006-67-2-72-b02","series-title":"J Ir Dent Assoc","first-page":"265","article-title":"Need for a change? 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Pharmacol","first-page":"1662","article-title":"High concentrations of dexmedetomidine inhibit compound action potentials in frog sciatic nerves without \u03b12 adrenoceptor activation","volume":"160","author":"Kosugi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kosugi\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Mizuta\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Fujita\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Nakashima\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Kumamoto\n              E.\n            \n          \n          High concentrations of dexmedetomidine inhibit compound action potentials in frog sciatic nerves without \u03b12 adrenoceptor activation.\n\t\t\t\t\tBr J Pharmacol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;160:1662\u20131676."},{"key":"i0003-3006-67-2-72-b10","series-title":"Anesth Prog","first-page":"230","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine increases the latency of thermal antinociception in rats","volume":"64","author":"Tsutsui","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tsutsui\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Sunada\n              K.\n            \n          \n          Dexmedetomidine increases the latency of thermal antinociception in rats.\n\t\t\t\t\tAnesth Prog.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;64:230\u2013234."},{"key":"i0003-3006-67-2-72-b11","series-title":"Anesth Prog","first-page":"221","article-title":"A combination of dexmedetomidine and lidocaine is a cardiovascularly safe dental local anesthetic for hypertensive rats treated with a nonselective \u03b2-adrenergic antagonist","volume":"64","author":"Tsutsui","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tsutsui\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Sunada\n              K.\n            \n          \n          A combination of dexmedetomidine and lidocaine is a cardiovascularly safe dental local anesthetic for hypertensive rats treated with a nonselective \u03b2-adrenergic antagonist.\n\t\t\t\t\tAnesth 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dexmedetomidine attenuates inflammation in rat sciatic nerve via the NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"15","author":"Huang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huang\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Lu\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Zhang\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Yan\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Jiang\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Jiang\n              H.\n            \n          \n          Perineural dexmedetomidine attenuates inflammation in rat sciatic nerve via the NF-\u03baB pathway.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Mol Sci.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;15:4049\u20134059."}],"container-title":["Anesthesia Progress"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/anesthesiaprogress.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/anpr\/67\/2\/article-p72.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/anesthesia-progress\/article-pdf\/67\/2\/72\/2545601\/i0003-3006-67-2-72.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anesthesiaprogress.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/anpr\/67\/2\/article-p72.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anesthesiaprogress.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/anpr\/67\/2\/article-p72.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T12:42:13Z","timestamp":1728304933000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anesthesiaprogress.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/anpr\/67\/2\/article-p72.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2344\/anpr-66-04-06","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3006"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0003-3006"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}