{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T07:40:29Z","timestamp":1788853229901,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Dental Society of Anesthesiology (ADSA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A 12-year-old Caucasian male undergoing a dental extraction for a grossly carious mandibular molar under inhalational sedation with nitrous oxide\/oxygen experienced an episode of anterior epistaxis postoperatively that was controlled well with local measures. Epistaxis following inhalational sedation with nitrous oxide\/oxygen in the dental setting is a very rare complication but has been previously reported in the literature. This case report provides a review of the existing literature regarding cases of epistaxis associated with inhalational sedation using nitrous oxide\/oxygen and discusses the potential etiology of epistaxis associated with inhalational sedation. Patients at higher risk of epistaxis should be properly informed of the risks prior to inhalational sedation with nitrous oxide\/oxygen, and dentists should also be familiar with epistaxis management in the dental setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2344\/anpr-70-01-04","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T14:56:45Z","timestamp":1687964205000},"page":"75-79","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Postoperative Epistaxis Following Dental Treatment With Nitrous Oxide\/Oxygen Sedation"],"prefix":"10.2344","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Ishfaq","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Honorary Clinical Lecturer, School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK"},{"name":"Senior Dental Surgeon, Midlands Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, University of Portsmouth, UK"},{"name":"Postgraduate Student, Dental Academy, University of Portsmouth, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1191","reference":[{"key":"i1878-7177-70-2-75-b01","article-title":"Causes of epistaxis in children","author":"Messner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Messner\n              AH,\n            \n            \n              Singer\n              JI.\n            \n          \n          Causes of epistaxis in children.\n\t\t\t\t\tAccessedJuly2022.\n\t\t\t\t\twww.uptodate.com\/contents\/causes-of-epistaxis-in-children"},{"key":"i1878-7177-70-2-75-b02","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"511","article-title":"Epistaxis: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"64","author":"Viehweg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Viehweg\n              TL,\n            \n            \n              Roberson\n              JB,\n            \n            \n              Hudson\n              JW.\n            \n          \n          Epistaxis: diagnosis and treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Oral Maxillofac Surg.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t64:\n\t\t\t\t\t511\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t518."},{"key":"i1878-7177-70-2-75-b03","series-title":"Ann Emergen Med","first-page":"592","article-title":"Posterior epistaxis: clinical features and acute complications","volume":"25","author":"Viducich","year":"1995","unstructured":"Viducich\n              RA,\n            \n            \n              Blanda\n              MP,\n            \n            \n              Gerson\n              LW.\n            \n          \n          Posterior epistaxis: clinical features and acute complications.\n\t\t\t\t\tAnn Emergen Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t1995;\n\t\t\t\t\t25:\n\t\t\t\t\t592\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t596."},{"key":"i1878-7177-70-2-75-b04","series-title":"Am Fam Physician","first-page":"2007","article-title":"Management of anterior and posterior epistaxis","volume":"43","author":"Randall","year":"1991","unstructured":"Randall\n              DA,\n            \n            \n              Freeman\n              SB.\n            \n          \n          Management of anterior and posterior epistaxis.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm Fam Physician.\n\t\t\t\t\t1991;\n\t\t\t\t\t43:\n\t\t\t\t\t2007\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t2014."},{"key":"i1878-7177-70-2-75-b05","article-title":"Epistaxis (nosebleeds): What are the complications? 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