{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:54:37Z","timestamp":1792684477572,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"American Dental Society of Anesthesiology (ADSA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), are produced in the gut and play critical roles linking the processes of eating and digestion with the release of insulin from the pancreas and glucose homeostasis. GLP-1 receptor agonist and combination GLP-1\/GIP receptor agonist medications are exogenous incretins that mimic their endogenous counterparts, but their significantly longer half-lives allow them to be clinically useful for managing diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) and obesity. Recently, their use for weight loss has grown exponentially, increasing the potential that a provider of sedation or general anesthesia for dentistry will encounter a patient taking a GLP-1 or GLP-1\/GIP combination receptor agonist. One of the clinical effects produced by these medications is decreased gastric emptying which increases satiety and decreases oral intake. While these medications are effective in the management of DMT2 and obesity, delayed gastric emptying can cause concerns for sedation and general anesthesia providers. Retained gastric contents can increase risks for emesis and subsequent pulmonary aspiration in the perioperative period. In 2024, a multisociety guidance document was published to provide recommendations for the management of these patients in the perioperative period. Recommendations emphasized risk stratification of individual patients and weighing the risks vs the benefits of holding or continuing GLP-1 and GLP-1\/GIP combination receptor agonist medications. The recommendations also suggested shared decision making between the sedation or general anesthesia provider, the prescribing physician, and the patient should be used when developing a plan regarding the preoperative use of these medications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2344\/anpr-72-1-anpr_agonists","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:02:28Z","timestamp":1742860948000},"page":"52-58","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Implications of GLP-1 Agonists on Office-Based Sedation and General Anesthesia for Dentistry"],"prefix":"10.2344","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Craig","family":"McKenzie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor and Director of the Center for Patients with Special Needs, Department of Dental Anesthesiology University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"DeBernardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chief Resident, Department of Dental Anesthesiology University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentist Anesthesiologist and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1191","reference":[{"key":"i1878-7177-72-1-52-b01","article-title":"Prescription Trends","author":"Pritchett J.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pritchett J. 2022 Prescription Trends. PharmExec.com. https:\/\/www.pharmexec.com\/view\/2022-prescription-trends#"},{"key":"i1878-7177-72-1-52-b02","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1-based therapies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus","author":"Dungan K,","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dungan K,\nDeSantis A. Glucagon-like peptide 1-based therapies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. December 2024. UpToDate. https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/glucagon-like-peptide-1-based-therapies-for-the-treatment-of-type-2-diabetes-mellitus"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1878-7177-72-1-52-b03","series-title":"Pharmacol Rev. Dec","first-page":"470","article-title":"The role of incretins in glucose homeostasis and diabetes treatment","volume":"60","author":"Kim W,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kim W,\nEgan JM. The role of incretins in glucose homeostasis and diabetes treatment. Pharmacol Rev. Dec 2008;60(4):470\u2013512. doi:10.1124\/pr.108.000604"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1878-7177-72-1-52-b04","series-title":"Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"15","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes","volume":"22","author":"Lee S,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee S,\nLee DY. Glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2017;22(1):15\u201326. doi:10.6065\/apem.2017.22.1.15"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1878-7177-72-1-52-b05","series-title":"APSF Newsletter","first-page":"67","article-title":"Are serious anesthesia risks of semaglutide and other GLP-1 agonists under-recognized? Case reports of retained solid gastric contents in patients undergoing anesthesia","volume":"38","author":"Beam WB,","year":"2023","unstructured":"Beam WB,\nGuevara LRH. Are serious anesthesia risks of semaglutide and other GLP-1 agonists under-recognized? Case reports of retained solid gastric contents in patients undergoing anesthesia. APSF Newsletter. 2023;38(3):67\u201371."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1878-7177-72-1-52-b06","series-title":"Diabetes Ther","first-page":"143","article-title":"The role of tirzepatide, dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, in the management of type 2 diabetes: the SURPASS Clinical Trials","volume":"12","author":"Min T,","year":"2021","unstructured":"Min T,\nBain SC. The role of tirzepatide, dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, in the management of type 2 diabetes: the SURPASS Clinical Trials. Diabetes Ther. 2021;12(1):143\u2013157. doi:10.1007\/s13300-020-00981-0"},{"key":"i1878-7177-72-1-52-b07","article-title":"What happens when a drug goes viral","author":"Shmerling R.","unstructured":"Shmerling R. What happens when a drug goes viral? Harvard Health Publishing. https:\/\/www.health.harvard.edu\/blog\/what-happens-when-a-drug-goes-viral-202302212892"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1878-7177-72-1-52-b08","series-title":"Anesthesiology","first-page":"376","article-title":"Practice Guidelines for Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration: Application to Healthy Patients Undergoing Elective Procedures: An Updated Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration","volume":"126","year":"2017","unstructured":"Practice Guidelines for Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration: Application to Healthy Patients Undergoing Elective Procedures: An Updated Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration. Anesthesiology. 2017;126(3):376\u2013393. doi:10.1097\/aln.0000000000001452"},{"key":"i1878-7177-72-1-52-b09","article-title":"American Society of Anesthesiologists","author":"American Society of Anesthesiologists Consensus-Based Guidance on Preoperative Management of Patients (Adults and Children) on Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists","year":"2023","unstructured":"American Society of Anesthesiologists Consensus-Based Guidance on Preoperative Management of Patients (Adults and Children) on Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists. American Society of Anesthesiologists; 2023."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1878-7177-72-1-52-b10","series-title":"Surgery Obesity Related Dis","first-page":"1183","article-title":"Multisociety clinical practice guidance for the safe use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the perioperative period","volume":"20","author":"Kindel TL,","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kindel TL,\nWang AY,\nWadhwa A, et al. Multisociety clinical practice guidance for the safe use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the perioperative period. Surgery Obesity Related Dis. 2024;20(12):1183\u20131186."}],"container-title":["Anesthesia Progress"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/anesthesiaprogress.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/anpr\/72\/1\/article-p52.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anesthesiaprogress.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/anpr\/72\/1\/article-p52.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anesthesiaprogress.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/anpr\/72\/1\/article-p52.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:07:14Z","timestamp":1742861234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anesthesiaprogress.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/anpr\/72\/1\/article-p52.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2344\/anpr-72-1-anpr_agonists","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-7177","0003-3006"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-7177","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0003-3006","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}}}