{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T08:52:22Z","timestamp":1777884742664,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]],"date-time":"2006-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Dev Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Little attention has been paid to the pathologic features of the umbilical cord, which might fatally damage the fetus. We determined the association of hypercoiling (more than 1 coil per 5 cm) and thinning with consecutive constriction of the umbilical vessels (thin cord syndrome; TCS) and intrauterine fetal death (IUFD). Three hundred and three cases of consecutive fetal autopsies over a 5-year period, including spontaneous and induced abortions of the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, were examined using a standardized protocol. The mean maternal age was 28.5 years and the mean gestational age was 19.1 weeks (range: 12.6 to 24.5 weeks). Thirty-six percent of all cases were induced abortions because of congenital malformations, and 8.9% resulted from legal abortions, as regulated by German law. One hundred sixty-seven cases (55.1%) were spontaneous abortion specimens. The leading cause for IUFD in the spontaneous abortion group was an amnion infection (34.7%), followed by abruptio placentae (15.6%). In 25.1% of cases, placental dysmaturity with consecutive placental insufficiency was responsible for IUFD. Pathologies of the umbilical cord as the cause of IUFD were seen in 10.2% of the cases. Most of these cases (15\/17) involved TCS. In 14.4% of all spontaneous abortion specimens the cause of IUFD could not be determined by autopsy. There was an apparent difference in the frequency of TCS in the spontaneous abortion group (15\/167 = 9%) compared to the nonspontaneous group (2\/136 = 1.5%). A remarkably high percentage (17\/303 = 5.6%) of all cases showed TCS. In cases of spontaneous abortions, TCS was causative for intrauterine death in 9% of cases (15\/167). Careful pathologic examination of the umbilical cord is recommended to detect TCS and to reduce the cases with unexplained intrauterine death.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2350\/08-05-0095.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,12]],"date-time":"2006-07-12T17:06:10Z","timestamp":1152723970000},"page":"20-24","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Umbilical Cord Hypercoiling and Thinning: A Rare Cause of Intrauterine Death in the Second Trimester of Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Lars-Christian","family":"Horn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renaldo","family":"Faber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Stepan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eike","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, City Hospital \u201cJohann Kentmann GmbH,\u201d Torgau, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Robel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, City Hospital, \u201cHELIOS Clinics,\u201d Borna, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Wittekind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-08-05-0095.1","first-page":"262","volume":"39","author":"Benirschke K","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"bibr2-08-05-0095.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/2000-124-1352-RUCTLT"},{"key":"bibr3-08-05-0095.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/2003-127-850-UCLIEI"},{"key":"bibr4-08-05-0095.1","first-page":"175","volume":"85","author":"Wiedersberg E","year":"2001","journal-title":"Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol"},{"key":"bibr5-08-05-0095.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(85)80149-9"},{"key":"bibr6-08-05-0095.1","first-page":"561","volume":"39","author":"Hallak M","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"bibr7-08-05-0095.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(91)90821-L"},{"key":"bibr8-08-05-0095.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100240010103"},{"key":"bibr9-08-05-0095.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6661(199611\/12)5:6<359::AID-MFM13>3.0.CO;2-C"},{"key":"bibr10-08-05-0095.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.1996.tb09545.x","volume":"50","author":"Ercal T","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pract"}],"container-title":["Pediatric and Developmental Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2350\/08-05-0095.1","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.2350\/08-05-0095.1","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2350\/08-05-0095.1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T02:36:31Z","timestamp":1777602991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.2350\/08-05-0095.1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2350\/08-05-0095.1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2350\/08-05-0095.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1093-5266","1615-5742"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1093-5266","type":"print"},{"value":"1615-5742","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]}}}