{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:01:09Z","timestamp":1791558069501,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]],"date-time":"2008-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1212278400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,6]],"date-time":"2008-05-06T00:33:30Z","timestamp":1210034010000},"page":"1457-1466","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":138,"title":["Multiple Pathogenic Roles of Microvasculature in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Jack of All Trades"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"Livija","family":"Deban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Correale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Vetrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Malesci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvio","family":"Danese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70381-6","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease: etiology and pathogenesis","volume":"115","author":"Fiocchi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(02)80153-0","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease: dogmas and heresies","volume":"34","author":"Fiocchi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib3","first-page":"G769","article-title":"Intestinal inflammation: a complex interplay of immune and nonimmune cell interactions","volume":"273","author":"Fiocchi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6017","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.10.6017","article-title":"Immune regulation by microvascular endothelial cells: directing innate and adaptive immunity, coagulation, and inflammation","volume":"178","author":"Danese","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.55.5.662","article-title":"The microcirculation and inflammation: modulation of leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion","volume":"55","author":"Granger","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib6","first-page":"3527","article-title":"Endothelial cells in physiology and in the pathophysiology of vascular disorders","volume":"91","author":"Cines","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12613748","article-title":"HMEC-1: establishment of an immortalized human microvascular endothelial cell line","volume":"99","author":"Ades","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v112.pm9178682","article-title":"Enhanced leukocyte binding by intestinal microvascular endothelial cells in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"112","author":"Binion","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib9","first-page":"G1189","article-title":"Endothelial cell monolayers as a tool for studying microvascular pathophysiology","volume":"273","author":"Kvietys","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.138.5.1117","article-title":"Vascular bed-specific expression of an endothelial cell gene is programmed by the tissue microenvironment","volume":"138","author":"Aird","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib11","first-page":"G982","article-title":"Cell adhesion and migration. II. Leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion in the digestive system","volume":"273","author":"Granger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1791","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00552.2003","article-title":"The vascular contribution in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"285","author":"Hatoum","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib13","first-page":"97","article-title":"Human mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 is preferentially expressed in intestinal tract and associated lymphoid tissue","volume":"151","author":"Briskin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90691-2","article-title":"Aberrant binding of lamina propria lymphocytes to vascular endothelium in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"106","author":"Salmi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90560-X","article-title":"Peripheral monocyte and naive T-cell recruitment and activation in Crohn's disease","volume":"109","author":"Burgio","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)05050-8","article-title":"Acquired increase in leucocyte binding by intestinal microvascular endothelium in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"352","author":"Binion","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.194.9.1207","article-title":"Regulation of murine intestinal inflammation by reactive metabolites of oxygen and nitrogen: divergent roles of superoxide and nitric oxide","volume":"194","author":"Krieglstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(00)00480-0","article-title":"Nitric oxide and intestinal inflammation","volume":"109","author":"Kubes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(00)00391-9","article-title":"Deficient iNOS in inflammatory bowel disease intestinal microvascular endothelial cells results in increased leukocyte adhesion","volume":"29","author":"Binion","year":"2000","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib20","first-page":"G592","article-title":"iNOS expression in human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells inhibits leukocyte adhesion","volume":"275","author":"Binion","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1323","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00499.2006","article-title":"Increased arginase activity and endothelial dysfunction in human inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"292","author":"Horowitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3368","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.6.3368","article-title":"Fractalkine is an epithelial and endothelial cell-derived chemoattractant for intraepithelial lymphocytes in the small intestinal mucosa","volume":"164","author":"Muehlhoefer","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.10.010","article-title":"Enhanced recruitment of CX3CR1+ T cells by mucosal endothelial cell-derived fractalkine in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"132","author":"Sans","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.41469.x","article-title":"Homocysteine triggers mucosal microvascular activation in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"100","author":"Danese","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.12.027","article-title":"CD40-CD40 ligand mediates the recruitment of leukocytes and platelets in the inflamed murine colon","volume":"132","author":"Vowinkel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1112","article-title":"Toll-like receptor control of the adaptive immune responses","volume":"5","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i13.1991","article-title":"Novel susceptibility genes in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"12","author":"Noble","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2558","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.7.2558","article-title":"Cytokine-regulated expression of E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in human microvascular endothelial cells","volume":"156","author":"Haraldsen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5956","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.12.5956","article-title":"Mechanisms of endotoxin tolerance in human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells","volume":"170","author":"Ogawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mog.0000194791.59337.28","article-title":"Flag in the crossroads: flagellin modulates innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"22","author":"Gewirtz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5056","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.8.5056","article-title":"Human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells express Toll-like receptor 5: a binding partner for bacterial flagellin","volume":"172","author":"Maaser","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.42.5.635","article-title":"Cytokine profiles of cultured microvascular endothelial cells from the human intestine","volume":"42","author":"Nilsen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.01-0690hyp","article-title":"Regional manifestations and control of the immune system","volume":"16","author":"Saadi","year":"2002","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1992.tb00360.x","article-title":"Mucosal capillary thrombi in rectal biopsies","volume":"21","author":"Dhillon","year":"1992","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.04129.x","article-title":"Platelets in Inflammatory bowel disease: clinical, pathological and therapeutical implications","volume":"99","author":"Danese","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib36","first-page":"1213","article-title":"Platelet aggregation and neutrophil sequestration in the mesenteric circulation in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"9","author":"Collins","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i8.1270","article-title":"Higher platelet P-selectin in male patients with inflammatory bowel disease compared to healthy males","volume":"12","author":"Fagerstam","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-005-1721-x","article-title":"Increased aggregation response of platelets in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"41","author":"Andoh","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.10.1435","article-title":"Activated platelets are the source of elevated levels of soluble CD40 ligand in the circulation of inflammatory bowel disease patients","volume":"52","author":"Danese","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00289-0","article-title":"Platelets trigger a CD40-dependent inflammatory response in the microvasculature of inflammatory bowel disease patients","volume":"124","author":"Danese","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.1995.0065","article-title":"Chemokine and chemokine receptor mRNA expression in human platelets","volume":"7","author":"Power","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.5.1689","article-title":"Production of the RANTES chemokine in delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions: involvement of macrophages and endothelial cells","volume":"179","author":"Devergne","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G123","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00303.2002","article-title":"Low venular shear rates promote leukocyte-dependent recruitment of adherent platelets","volume":"284","author":"Russell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib44","first-page":"A-21","article-title":"Platelet-leukocyte (WBC) Interactions in experimental colitis are mediated by CD40L and ICAM-1","volume":"126","author":"Vowinkel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(05)00154-0","article-title":"Thrombosis and inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"3","author":"Irving","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G920","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00371.2004","article-title":"Molecular determinants of the prothrombogenic phenotype assumed by inflamed colonic venules","volume":"288","author":"Mori","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1054","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00350.2007","article-title":"Mechanisms of platelet and leukocyte recruitment in experimental colitis","volume":"293","author":"Vowinkel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1080\/003655201317097164","article-title":"Activated platelets in ulcerative colitis enhance the production of reactive oxygen species by polymorphonuclear leukocytes","volume":"36","author":"Suzuki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)65200-8","article-title":"Vascular complications of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"61","author":"Talbot","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib50","first-page":"182","article-title":"Thromboembolism in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"62","author":"Schapira","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Gastroenterol Belg"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02208650","article-title":"Prothrombotic state and signs of endothelial lesion in plasma of patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"40","author":"Souto","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199512000-00010","article-title":"Prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 and thrombin-antithrombin III complex as markers of activation of blood coagulation in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"7","author":"Chamouard","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90197-3","article-title":"Inherited disorders of coagulation appear to protect against inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"108","author":"Thompson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(68)80041-1","article-title":"Hypercoagulability associated with chronic ulcerative colitis: changes in blood coagulation factors","volume":"54","author":"Lee","year":"1968","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.38.5.733","article-title":"Thrombotic vascular risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"38","author":"Hudson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.34.3.375","article-title":"Early mucosal changes in Crohn's disease","volume":"34","author":"Sankey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062354","article-title":"Tissue factor: a mediator of inflammatory cell recruitment, tissue injury, and thrombus formation in experimental colitis","volume":"204","author":"Anthoni","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S266","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000128032.85396.83","article-title":"Expression of endothelial protein C receptor and thrombomodulin in the intestinal tissue of patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"32","author":"Faioni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31027","article-title":"Crucial role of the protein C pathway in governing microvascular inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"117","author":"Scaldaferri","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2005.01567.x","article-title":"Paradox of simultaneous intestinal ischaemia and hyperaemia in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"35","author":"Hatoum","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib61","first-page":"1096","article-title":"Crohn's disease and massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding: angiographic appearance and two case reports","volume":"82","author":"McGarrity","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.23.10.872","article-title":"Massive gastrointestinal bleeding in Crohn's disease: successful control by intra-arterial vasopressin infusion","volume":"23","author":"Mellor","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.110.2.385","article-title":"Angiographic studies in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis","volume":"110","author":"Erikson","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1148\/87.6.1037","article-title":"Mesenteric angiography in regional enterocolitis","volume":"87","author":"Brahme","year":"1966","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.34.11.1531","article-title":"Neoterminal ileal blood flow after ileocolonic resection for Crohn's disease","volume":"34","author":"Angerson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib66","first-page":"579","article-title":"Rectal blood flow in ulcerative colitis","volume":"90","author":"Guslandi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(77)80245-X","article-title":"Regional intestinal blood flow in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease","volume":"72","author":"Hulten","year":"1977","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1019660526241","article-title":"Temporal changes in colonic vascular architecture and inflammatory mediator levels in animal models of colitis","volume":"47","author":"Appleyard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012334727509","article-title":"Changes of colonic mucosal microcirculation and histology in two colitis models: an experimental study using intravital microscopy and a new histological scoring system","volume":"46","author":"Kruschewski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020631220599","article-title":"In vivo detection of morphological and microvascular changes of the colon in association with colitis using fiberoptic confocal imaging (FOCI)","volume":"47","author":"McLaren","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s003840050179","article-title":"Does microcirculation play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases? Answers from intravital microscopic studies in animal models","volume":"14","author":"Foitzik","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026687424966","article-title":"Temporal patterns of colonic blood flow and tissue damage in an animal model of colitis","volume":"44","author":"Appleyard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.39.6.889-b","article-title":"Microvascular disease in the human large bowel","volume":"39","author":"Carr","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.101824","article-title":"Structural adaptations in the murine colon microcirculation associated with hapten-induced inflammation","volume":"56","author":"Ravnic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00699-1","article-title":"Acquired microvascular dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease: loss of nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation","volume":"125","author":"Hatoum","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1024","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00247.2005","article-title":"Colonic blood flow responses in experimental colitis: time course and underlying mechanisms","volume":"289","author":"Mori","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90779-K","article-title":"Granulomatous vasculitis in Crohn's disease","volume":"100","author":"Wakefield","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0603-653","article-title":"Angiogenesis in health and disease","volume":"9","author":"Carmeliet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200606000-00012","article-title":"Role of angiogenesis in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"12","author":"Koutroubakis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/386671a0","article-title":"Mechanisms of angiogenesis","volume":"386","author":"Risau","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5798","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.11.5798","article-title":"Generation of biologically active angiostatin kringle 1\u20133 by activated human neutrophils","volume":"168","author":"Scapini","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bor.0000155361.83990.5b","article-title":"Hypoxia and angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"17","author":"Taylor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lab.2004.01.006","article-title":"Fibrinogen catabolism within the procoagulant VX-2 tumor of rabbit lung in vivo: effluxing fibrin(ogen) fragments contain antiangiogenic activity","volume":"143","author":"Hatton","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.10.1859","article-title":"Basic fibroblast growth factor stimulates osteoclast recruitment, development, and bone pit resorption in association with angiogenesis in vivo on the chick chorioallantoic membrane and activates isolated avian osteoclast resorption in vitro","volume":"17","author":"Collin-Osdoby","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2174\/1568010053622876","article-title":"Involvement of mast cells in angiogenesis and chronic inflammation","volume":"4","author":"Crivellato","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mn.7800074","article-title":"Association between shear stress, angiogenesis, and VEGF in skeletal muscles in vivo","volume":"8","author":"Milkiewicz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000034470.37007.58","article-title":"Pulsatile flow-induced angiogenesis: role of G(i) subunits","volume":"22","author":"Cullen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/74651","article-title":"Mechanisms of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis","volume":"6","author":"Carmeliet","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65648-9","article-title":"Chronic inflammation: links with angiogenesis and wound healing","volume":"153","author":"Majno","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01296.x","article-title":"Changed colonic profile of P-selectin, platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). ICAM-2, and ICAM-3 in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"121","author":"Vainer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/01913120252959290","article-title":"Subcellular localization of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in colonic mucosa in ulcerative colitis","volume":"26","author":"Vainer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ultrastruct Pathol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.03.013","article-title":"Adhesion molecules in inflammatory bowel disease: therapeutic implications for gut inflammation","volume":"37","author":"Danese","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib93","first-page":"S245","article-title":"Role of alpha v integrins during angiogenesis","volume":"6","author":"Eliceiri","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer J"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.111989","article-title":"Critical role of the CD40\u2013CD40-ligand pathway in regulating mucosal inflammation-driven angiogenesis in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"56","author":"Danese","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.051021","article-title":"Differential angiogenic regulation of experimental colitis","volume":"169","author":"Chidlow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020195513193","article-title":"Hepatocyte growth factor expression in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in rats","volume":"47","author":"Ortega-Cava","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.03.054","article-title":"Angiogenesis as a novel component of inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis","volume":"130","author":"Danese","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MIB.0000194181.46930.88","article-title":"Increased expression of CD146, a new marker of the endothelial junction in active inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"12","author":"Bardin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s005350300041","article-title":"Expression of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"38","author":"Saito","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib100","first-page":"822","article-title":"VEGF, basic-FGF, and TGF-beta in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: a novel mechanism of chronic intestinal inflammation","volume":"96","author":"Kanazawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018882322566","article-title":"Serum basic fibroblast growth factor in pediatric Crohn's disease. Implications for wound healing","volume":"42","author":"Bousvaros","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2006.01602.x","article-title":"Potential role of soluble angiopoietin-2 and Tie-2 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"36","author":"Koutroubakis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2617","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.4.2617","article-title":"TNF-alpha blockade down-regulates the CD40\/CD40L pathway in the mucosal microcirculation: a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism of infliximab in Crohn's disease","volume":"176","author":"Danese","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G648","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00466.2005","article-title":"VEGF-A stimulation of leukocyte adhesion to colonic microvascular endothelium: implications for inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"290","author":"Goebel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1326.003","article-title":"The intestinal microvasculature as a therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"1072","author":"Hatoum","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002944010619050?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002944010619050?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T04:24:15Z","timestamp":1684383855000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002944010619050"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"references-count":105,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002944010619050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070593","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9440","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]}}}