{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T20:47:35Z","timestamp":1790542055395,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]],"date-time":"2009-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]],"date-time":"2009-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005850","name":"Great Lakes Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 AI070559"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AI070559"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005850","name":"Great Lakes Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54 AI0157153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54 AI0157153"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005850","name":"Great Lakes Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 RR007004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 RR007004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajp.amjpathol.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,22]],"date-time":"2009-01-22T21:35:50Z","timestamp":1232660150000},"page":"910-921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Pneumonic Plague Pathogenesis and Immunity in Brown Norway Rats"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"174","author":[{"given":"Deborah M.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy A.","family":"Ciletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanni","family":"Lee-Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Elli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Segal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin L.","family":"DeBord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie A.","family":"Overheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Tretiakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert R.","family":"Brubaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olaf","family":"Schneewind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib1","series-title":"A Treatise on Pneumonic Plague","author":"Lien-Teh","year":"1926"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib2","series-title":"Plague","author":"Pollitzer","year":"1954"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400008548","article-title":"A report on the plague investigations in Egypt","volume":"23","author":"Petrie","year":"1924","journal-title":"J Hygiene"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400031521","article-title":"Plague in Manchuria","volume":"21","author":"Teh","year":"1923","journal-title":"J Hygiene"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.50.071803.130337","article-title":"Natural history of plague: perspectives from more than a century of research","volume":"50","author":"Gage","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199709043371004","article-title":"Multidrug resistance in Yersinia pestis mediated by a transferable plasmid","volume":"337","author":"Galimand","year":"1997","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0701.010106","article-title":"Transferable plasmid-mediated resistance to streptomycin in a clinical isolate of Yersinia pestis","volume":"7","author":"Guiyoule","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.03159.x","article-title":"High-frequency conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes to Yersinia pestis in the flea midgut","volume":"46","author":"Hinnebusch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e309","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000309","article-title":"Multiple antimicrobial resistance in plague: an emerging public health risk","volume":"2","author":"Welch","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(95)00090-N","article-title":"A comparison of plague vaccine, USP and EV76 vaccine induced protection against Yersinia pestis in a murine model","volume":"13","author":"Russell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.2.434-464.2004","article-title":"Intraspecific diversity of Yersinia pestis","volume":"17","author":"Anisimov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.81.5.704-714.1961","article-title":"New antigenic component of Pasteurella pestis formed under specific conditions","volume":"81","author":"Ben-Efraim","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.3.1453-1460.2002","article-title":"Role of fraction 1 antigen of Yersinia pestis in inhibition of phagocytosis","volume":"70","author":"Du","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.2002.0498","article-title":"Anti-V antigen antibody protects macrophages from Yersinia pestis-induced cell death and promotes phagocytosis","volume":"32","author":"Weeks","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib15","first-page":"653","article-title":"Effectiveness of live or killed plague vaccines in man","volume":"42","author":"Meyer","year":"1970","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00105-08","article-title":"Yersinia pestis caf1 variants and the limits of plague vaccine protection","volume":"76","author":"Quenee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1990.43.389","article-title":"Recombinant capsular antigen (fraction 1) from Yersinia pestis induces a protective antibody response in BALB\/c mice","volume":"43","author":"Simpson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(98)80110-2","article-title":"Protection against experimental bubonic and pneumonic plague by a recombinant capsular F1-V antigen fusion protein vaccine","volume":"16","author":"Heath","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.6.2180-2187.1996","article-title":"Fraction 1 capsular antigen (F1) purification from Yersinia pestis CO92 and from an Escherichia coli recombinant strain and efficacy against lethal plague challenge","volume":"64","author":"Andrews","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00398-06","article-title":"Development of in vitro correlate assays of immunity to infection with Yersinia pestis","volume":"14","author":"Bashaw","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib21","first-page":"408","article-title":"An unusual strain of Pasteurella pestis isolated from a fatal human case of plague","volume":"23","author":"Winter","year":"1960","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S178","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/21.Supplement_2.S178","article-title":"Relationship between virulence and immunity as revealed in recent studies of the F1 capsule of Yersinia pestis","volume":"21","author":"Friedlander","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib23","first-page":"156","article-title":"Pathology of experimental pneumonic plague produced by fraction 1-positive and fraction 1-negative Yersinia pestis in African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops)","volume":"120","author":"Davis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1038\/177426b0","article-title":"An antigen determining virulence in Pasteurella pestis","volume":"177","author":"Burrows","year":"1956","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2530","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.9.2530-2542.1995","article-title":"Differential effects of deletions in lcrV on secretion of V antigen, regulation of the low-Ca2+ response, and virulence of Yersinia pestis","volume":"177","author":"Skrzypek","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1114580","article-title":"Plague bacteria target immune cells during infection","volume":"309","author":"Marketon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1118476","article-title":"The V-antigen of Yersinia forms a distinct structure at the tip of the injectisome needle","volume":"310","author":"Mueller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1086\/430932","article-title":"Protective anti-V antibodies inhibit Pseudomonas and Yersinia translocon assembly within host membranes","volume":"192","author":"Goure","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02546.x","article-title":"YopH of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis interrupts early phosphotyrosine signalling associated with phagocytosis","volume":"20","author":"Andersson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10385","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.19.10385","article-title":"Yersinia signals macrophages to undergo apoptosis and YopJ is necessary for this cell death","volume":"94","author":"Monack","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.3.924-930.1997","article-title":"Effect of Yersinia pestis YopM on experimental plague","volume":"65","author":"Nemeth","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01898.x","article-title":"GAP activity of the Yersinia YopE cytotoxin specifically targets the Rho pathway: a mechanism for disruption of actin microfilament structure","volume":"36","author":"Von Pawel-Rammingen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5126","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00219-06","article-title":"Yersinia pestis YopJ suppresses tumor necrosis factor alpha induction and contributes to apoptosis of immune cells in the lymph node but is not required for virulence in a rat model of bubonic plague","volume":"74","author":"Lemaitre","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2007.02.005","article-title":"Yersinia outer proteins E, H, P, and T differentially target the cytoskeleton and inhibit phagocytic capacity of dendritic cells","volume":"297","author":"Adkins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.3.1532-1542.2005","article-title":"Antibody against V antigen prevents Yop-dependent growth of Yersinia pestis","volume":"73","author":"Philipovskiy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2007.04.003","article-title":"The weak interaction of LcrV and TLR2 does not contribute to the virulence of Yersinia pestis","volume":"9","author":"Reithmeier-Rost","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3021","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.8.3021-3029.1995","article-title":"Suppression of cytokines in mice by protein A-V antigen fusion peptide and restoration of synthesis by active immunization","volume":"63","author":"Nakajima","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.06.018","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of colitis with Lactococcus lactis secreting the immunomodulatory Yersinia LcrV protein","volume":"133","author":"Foligne","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(00)00159-6","article-title":"A single dose sub-unit vaccine protects against pneumonic plague","volume":"19","author":"Williamson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.1995.tb00196.x","article-title":"A new improved sub-unit vaccine for plague: the basis for protection","volume":"12","author":"Williamson","year":"1995","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3598","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.6.3598-3608.2005","article-title":"Human immune response to a plague vaccine comprising recombinant F1 and V antigens","volume":"73","author":"Williamson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.00859.x","article-title":"An IgG1 titre to the F1 and V antigens correlates with protection against plague in the mouse model","volume":"116","author":"Williamson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00091-08","article-title":"Modified caspase-3 assay indicates correlation of caspase-3 activity with immunity of nonhuman primates to Yersinia pestis infection","volume":"15","author":"Welkos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2006.09.003","article-title":"Immunogenicity of the rF1+rV vaccine for plague with identification of potential immune correlates","volume":"42","author":"Williamson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5152","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.8.5152-5159.2005","article-title":"LcrV plague vaccine with altered immunomodulatory properties","volume":"73","author":"Overheim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4910","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01860-05","article-title":"Immunogenicity and protective immunity against bubonic plague and pneumonic plague by immunization of mice with the recombinant V10 antigen, a variant of LcrV","volume":"74","author":"DeBord","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62360-7","article-title":"Kinetics of disease progression and host response in a rat model of bubonic plague","volume":"166","author":"Sebbane","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1128\/am.18.5.834-837.1969","article-title":"Congo red-agar plating medium for detecting pigmentation in Pasteurella pestis","volume":"18","author":"Surgalla","year":"1969","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01446.x","article-title":"Loss of the pigmentation phenotype in Yersinia pestis is due to the spontaneous deletion of 102kb of chromosomal DNA which is flanked by a repetitive element","volume":"6","author":"Fetherston","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib50","first-page":"493","article-title":"A simple method of estimating fifty percent endpoints","volume":"27","author":"Reed","year":"1938","journal-title":"Am J Hyg"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.02.049","article-title":"Immunisation against plague by transcutaneous and intradermal application of subunit antigens","volume":"22","author":"Eyles","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009607607603","article-title":"Airway epithelium and apoptosis","volume":"4","author":"Jyonouchi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2008.91","article-title":"Cell death in the host response to infection","volume":"15","author":"Labb\u00e9","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002944010609509?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002944010609509?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T14:04:21Z","timestamp":1757599461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002944010609509"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002944010609509"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9440","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pneumonic Plague Pathogenesis and Immunity in Brown Norway Rats","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Pathology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2353\/ajpath.2009.071168","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2009 American Society for Investigative Pathology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}