{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T19:52:48Z","timestamp":1774122768210,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]],"date-time":"2009-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,3]],"date-time":"2009-07-03T02:37:32Z","timestamp":1246588652000},"page":"685-695","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Doxycycline Treatment Decreases Morbidity and Mortality of Murine Neurocysticercosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"Jorge I.","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janani","family":"Krishnamurthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judy M.","family":"Teale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2005.36504.x","article-title":"Epilepsy and neurocysticercosis in Atahualpa: a door-to-door survey in rural coastal Ecuador","volume":"46","author":"Del Brutto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70194-0","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis: updated concepts about an old disease","volume":"4","author":"Garcia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000168828.83461.09","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis: association between seizures, serology, and brain CT in rural Peru","volume":"65","author":"Montano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.51.1.187","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis: updates on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management","volume":"51","author":"White","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14117-7","article-title":"Taenia solium cysticercosis","volume":"362","author":"Garcia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib6","series-title":"Cysticercosis: present state of knowledge and perspectives","first-page":"107","author":"Ridaura","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198412063112307","article-title":"Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral cysticercosis","volume":"311","author":"Nash","year":"1984","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1159\/000058663","article-title":"Taenia solium cysticercosis: host-parasite interactions and the immune response","volume":"66","author":"White","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chem Immunol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(02)00454-1","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis: an update","volume":"2","author":"Carpio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(98)00112-X","article-title":"Analysis of immune lesions in neurocysticercosis patients: central nervous system response to helminth appears Th1-like instead of Th2","volume":"89","author":"Restrepo","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4554","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.7.4554-4560.2001","article-title":"Brain granulomas in neurocysticercosis patients are associated with a Th1 and Th2 profile","volume":"69","author":"Restrepo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1130","article-title":"Three or more routes for leukocyte migration into the central nervous system","volume":"3","author":"Ransohoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2005.07.004","article-title":"The ins and outs of T-lymphocyte trafficking to the CNS: anatomical sites and molecular mechanisms","volume":"26","author":"Engelhardt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.11.020","article-title":"Breakdown of the blood brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier is associated with differential leukocyte migration in distinct compartments of the CNS during the course of murine NCC","volume":"173","author":"Alvarez","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.036","article-title":"Multiple expression of matrix metalloproteinases in murine neurocysticercosis: implications for leukocyte migration through multiple central nervous system barriers","volume":"1214","author":"Alvarez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3719","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00063","article-title":"Metalloproteinase inhibitors: biological actions and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"115","author":"Baker","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-4310(00)01686-5","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases: multifunctional contributors to tumor progression","volume":"6","author":"McCawley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Med Today"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.17.1.463","article-title":"How matrix metalloproteinases regulate cell behavior","volume":"17","author":"Sternlicht","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(98)00046-0","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase expression in an experimentally-induced DTH model of multiple sclerosis in the rat CNS","volume":"87","author":"Anthony","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.07.010","article-title":"Evidence for differential changes of junctional complex proteins in murine neurocysticercosis dependent upon CNS vasculature","volume":"1169","author":"Alvarez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051342","article-title":"Dystroglycan is selectively cleaved at the parenchymal basement membrane at sites of leukocyte extravasation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"203","author":"Agrawal","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2007.05.005","article-title":"Differential changes in junctional complex proteins suggest the ependymal lining as the main source of leukocyte infiltration into ventricles in murine neurocysticercosis","volume":"187","author":"Alvarez","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4379","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.9.4379","article-title":"T cell gelatinases mediate basement membrane transmigration in vitro","volume":"154","author":"Leppert","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2007.22.5.5","article-title":"Vasogenic edema due to tight junction disruption by matrix metalloproteinases in cerebral ischemia","volume":"22","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867013373660","article-title":"CMT-3, a non-antimicrobial tetracycline (TC), inhibits MT1-MMP activity: relevance to cancer","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3890","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01949-05","article-title":"Doxycycline reduces mortality and injury to the brain and cochlea in experimental pneumococcal meningitis","volume":"74","author":"Meli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8454-5-1","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid matrix metalloproteinase-9 increases during treatment of recurrent malignant gliomas","volume":"5","author":"Wong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cerebrospinal Fluid Res"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.28.2.347","article-title":"Penetration of oral doxycycline into the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with latent or neurosyphilis","volume":"28","author":"Yim","year":"1985","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2006.10.013","article-title":"Doxycycline inhibits MMPs via modulation of plasminogen activators in focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"25","author":"Burggraf","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.2.995","article-title":"Development of an animal model for neurocysticercosis: immune response in the central nervous system is characterized by a predominance of gamma delta T cells","volume":"162","author":"Cardona","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600268","article-title":"Dose-response effect of tetracyclines on cerebral matrix metalloproteinase-9 after vascular endothelial growth factor hyperstimulation","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02970153","article-title":"Host-pathogen interactions during apoptosis","volume":"28","author":"Hasnain","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biosci"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(01)00452-X","article-title":"Roles of the metallothionein family of proteins in the central nervous system","volume":"55","author":"Hidalgo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.02.011","article-title":"Neuronal apoptosis, metallothionein expression and proinflammatory responses during cerebral malaria in mice","volume":"200","author":"Wiese","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2006.05207.x","article-title":"Metallothioneins are multipurpose neuroprotectants during brain pathology","volume":"273","author":"Penkowa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Febs J"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(93)90927-D","article-title":"Bacterial collagenase disrupts extracellular matrix and opens blood-brain barrier in rat","volume":"160","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(00)80113-X","article-title":"The metalloproteinase matrilysin proteolytically generates active soluble Fas ligand and potentiates epithelial cell apoptosis","volume":"9","author":"Powell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1242","article-title":"Doxycycline attenuates and delays toxicity of the oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy mutation in transgenic mice","volume":"11","author":"Davies","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.04367.x","article-title":"Role of matrix metalloproteinases in apoptosis after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats and mice","volume":"22","author":"Copin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00173.x","article-title":"Integrin signaling via the PI3-kinase-Akt pathway increases neuronal resistance to glutamate-induced apoptosis","volume":"76","author":"Gary","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6401","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1563-05.2005","article-title":"A highly specific inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-9 rescues laminin from proteolysis and neurons from apoptosis in transient focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"25","author":"Gu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1089\/152308603770310266","article-title":"Reactive oxygen radicals and pathogenesis of neuronal death after cerebral ischemia","volume":"5","author":"Sugawara","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1373.1999.d01-143.x","article-title":"The antioxidant function of metallothionein in the heart","volume":"222","author":"Kang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.440080108","article-title":"Distribution of metallothionein in the human central nervous system","volume":"8","author":"Blaauwgeers","year":"1993","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1999.7335","article-title":"Metallothioneins are upregulated in symptomatic mice with astrocyte-targeted expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha","volume":"163","author":"Carrasco","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-07-02535.1999","article-title":"CNS wound healing is severely depressed in metallothionein I- and II-deficient mice","volume":"19","author":"Penkowa","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)00628-8","article-title":"Induction of metallothionein in astrocytes and microglia in the spinal cord from the myelin-deficient jimpy mouse","volume":"767","author":"Vela","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-004-1378-7","article-title":"Effect of oxidative stress on the junctional proteins of cultured cerebral endothelial cells","volume":"25","author":"Krizbai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600437","article-title":"Contribution of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase to postischemic blood-brain barrier damage in rats","volume":"27","author":"Lenzser","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1994.tb00825.x","article-title":"Extracellular matrix-degrading proteinases in the nervous system","volume":"4","author":"Romanic","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/35081571","article-title":"Metalloproteinases in biology and pathology of the nervous system","volume":"2","author":"Yong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1177\/08959374980120010501","article-title":"Tetracyclines inhibit connective tissue breakdown by multiple non-antimicrobial mechanisms","volume":"12","author":"Golub","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adv Dent Res"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000121571.78696.dc","article-title":"Clinical and biochemical results of the metalloproteinase inhibition with subantimicrobial doses of doxycycline to prevent acute coronary syndromes (MIDAS) pilot trial","volume":"24","author":"Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1053\/ejvs.2002.1598","article-title":"Up-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 leads to degradation of type IV collagen during skeletal muscle reperfusion injury; protection by the MMP inhibitor, doxycycline","volume":"23","author":"Roach","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/00365549309169687","article-title":"Doxycycline and pyrimethamine for toxoplasmic encephalitis","volume":"25","author":"Hagberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002944010605810?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002944010605810?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T21:43:21Z","timestamp":1685051001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002944010605810"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002944010605810"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9440","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]}}}