{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T09:31:15Z","timestamp":1793179875687,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Mattioli1885","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study aims at investigating level and contributor factors of Cyberchondria, Covid-19-related Phobia, and Well-Being in a sample of teachers in Turkey. Methods: The study was conducted on teachers (n=1000) working in a province in eastern Turkey. Data for the study were collected using a form that included participants\u2019 descriptive characteristics, the Covid-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-SE), the Cyberchondria Severity Scale, and the World Health Organization-5 Well-Being Index (WHO-5). Spearman correlation analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal Wallis analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. Results: As participant\u2019s cyberchondria levels rose, C19P-SE scores increased (r=0.271, p&lt;0.001), and WHO-5 scores decreased (r=-0.224, p&lt;0.05). Corona-phobia was higher in those who used social media than in those who did not (p&lt;0.05). Cyberchondria scale scores were higher among those who had taken medications without a physician\u2019s recommendation during the pandemic. Participants who had a disabled person or a person in need of care in their household had higher scores for distrust of the physician and C19P-SE than for the cyberchondria severity scale sub-dimension, and the WHO-5 mean scores were lower (p&lt;0.001, P=0.016, and P=0.020, respectively).Conclusions: The study results show that increasing levels of cyberchondria trigger Covid-19 phobias in teachers during the Covid-19 pandemic and negatively affect their well-being. This descriptive study can help understand the risk group for cyberchondria, the influencing factors, and the health and economic consequences, and identify strategies for effective combating with cyberchondria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T12:58:01Z","timestamp":1741179481000},"page":"e2022027","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Cyberchondria, Covid-19 phobia, and well-being: a relational study on teachers"],"prefix":"10.23749","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Ne\u015fe","family":"Karaka\u015f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Malatya Turgut Ozal University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c7i\u011fdem","family":"Tekin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc \u00dcniversity"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Recep","family":"Bentli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekrem","family":"Demir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malatya Nat\u0131onal Education Directorate,Malatya,Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27750","reference":[{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Budak F, Korkmaz \u015e. COVID-19 pandemi s\u00fcrecine y\u00f6nelik genel bir de\u011ferlendirme: T\u00fcrkiye \u00f6rne\u011fi. So-syal Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ve Y\u00f6netim Dergisi,2020(1):62-79.","DOI":"10.35375\/sayod.738657"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661_ref2","unstructured":"T\u00fcz\u00fcn H, Demirk\u00f6se H, \u00d6zkan S, Dikmen A, \u0130lhan N. Covid-19 Pandemisi ve Risk \u0130leti\u015fimi. Gazi Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bi-limleri Dergisi.2020:1-8."},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jungmann SM, Witth\u00f6ft M. Health anxiety, cyberchondria, and coping in the current COVID-19 pandemic: Which factors are related to coronavirus anxiety? J Anxiety Disord. 2020;73:102239.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2020.102239"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661_ref4","unstructured":"WHO. Infodemic 2022 [Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/infodemic#tab=tab_1.]"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jahrami H, BaHammam AS, AlGahtani H, et al. The examination of sleep quality for frontline healthcare workers during the outbreak of COVID-19. Sleep Breath. 2020:1-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-020-02135-9"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00f6lba\u015fi SD, Metintas S. COVID-19 Pandemisi Ve \u0130nfodemi. EST\u00dcDAM Halk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Dergisi.5:126-37.","DOI":"10.35232\/estudamhsd.797508"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laato S, Islam AN, Islam MN, Whelan E. What drives unverified information sharing and cyberchondria during the COVID-19 pandemic? Eur J Inf Syst.. 2020;29(3):288-305.","DOI":"10.1080\/0960085X.2020.1770632"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Starcevic V, Berle D. Cyberchondria: towards a better understanding of excessive health-related Inter-net use. Expert Rev Neurother. 2013;13(2):205-13.","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.12.162"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norr AM, Allan NP, Boffa JW, Raines AM, Schmidt N. Validation of the Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS): replication and extension with bifactor modeling. J Anxiety Disord. 2015;31:58-64.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2015.02.001"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fergus TA. The Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS): an examination of structure and relations with health anxiety in a community sample. J Anxiety Disord. 2014;28(6):504-10.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2014.05.006"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibrahim NKJ. Zika virus: Epidemiology, current phobia and preparedness for upcoming mass gatherings, with examples from World Olympics and Pilgrimage. Pakistan journal of medical sciences. 2016;32(4):1038.","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.324.10038"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim CW, Song HR. Structural relationships among public\u2019s risk characteristics, trust, risk perception and preventive behavioral intention: The case of MERS in Korea. Crisisnomy.2017;13:85-95.","DOI":"10.14251\/crisisonomy.2017.13.6.85"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arpaci I, Karata\u015f K, Balo\u011flu M. The development and initial tests for the psychometric properties of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S). Pers Individ Dif . 2020;164:110108.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2020.110108"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deniz S, Bentli R, Kalkanli MT, et al. Malatya ilinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin sa\u011fl\u0131k okuryazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczeyle-rinin ve ili\u015fkili fakt\u00f6rlerin belirlenmesi. Sakarya T\u0131p Dergisi. 2020;10(1):28-36.","DOI":"10.31832\/smj.636313"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McElroy E, Shevlin MJ. The development and initial validation of the cyberchondria severity scale (CSS). J Anxiety Disord.2014;28(2):259-65.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2013.12.007"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uzun SU, Zencir M. Reliability and validity study of the Turkish version of cyberchondria severity scale. Curr Psychol.2018:1-7.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-018-0001-x"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bech P, Gudex C, Johansen KS, psychosomatics. The WHO (Ten) well-being index: validation in diabe-tes.Psychother Psychosom.1996;65(4):183-90.","DOI":"10.1159\/000289073"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Topp CW, Ostergaard SD, Sondergaard S, Bech P. The WHO-5 Well-Being Index: a systematic review of the literature. Psychother Psychosom. 2015;84(3):167-76.","DOI":"10.1159\/000376585"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Topp CW, \u00d8stergaard SD, S\u00f8ndergaard S, Bech P. The WHO-5 Well-Being Index: a systematic review of the literature. Psychother Psychosom.. 2015;84(3):167-76.","DOI":"10.1159\/000376585"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Misra S, Stokols D. Psychological and health outcomes of perceived information overload. Environ Be-hav. 2012;44(6):737-59.","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916511404408"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahorsu DK, Lin C-Y, Imani V, et al. The fear of COVID-19 scale: development and initial validation. Int J Ment Health Addict..2020:1-9.","DOI":"10.1037\/t78404-000"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lazer DM, Baum MA, Benkler Y, et al. The science of fake news. 2018;359(6380):1094-6.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao2998"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zarocostas JJ. How to fight an infodemic. Lancet.2020;395(10225):676.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30461-X"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu X, Nazari N, Griffiths MD. Using Fear and Anxiety Related to COVID-19 to Predict Cyberchondria: Cross-sectional Survey Study. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(6):e26285.","DOI":"10.2196\/26285"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tarhan N, Tutgun-\u00dcnal A, Ekinci Y. Yeni Ku\u015fak Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 Siberkondri: Yeni Medya \u00c7a\u011f\u0131nda Ku\u015faklar\u0131n Si-berkondri D\u00fczeyleri \u0130le Sa\u011fl\u0131k Okuryazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkisi. OPUS Uluslararas\u0131 Toplum Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi .17(37):4253-97.","DOI":"10.26466\/opus.855959"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ho TTQ. Facebook Addiction Partially Mediated the Association Between Stress Symptoms and Sleep Disturbance Among Facebook Users. Int J Ment Health Addict.2021:1-11.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-021-00619-7"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cinelli M, Quattrociocchi W, Galeazzi A, et al. The COVID-19 social media infodemic. Sci Rep.2020;10(1):1-10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73510-5"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661_ref28","unstructured":"Da\u011fli DA, B\u00fcy\u00fckbayram A, Arabaci LB. COVID-19 tan\u0131s\u0131 alan hasta ve ailesine psikososyal yakla\u015f\u0131m. \u0130z-mir Katip \u00c7elebi \u00dcniversitesi Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi.2020;5(2):191-5."},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen TT, Le NT, Nguyen MH, et al. Health Literacy and Preventive Behaviors Modify the Association between Pre-Existing Health Conditions and Suspected COVID-19 Symptoms: A Multi-Institutional Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(22).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17228598"}],"container-title":["La Medicina del Lavoro","La Medicina del Lavoro | Work, Environment and Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/mattioli1885journals.com\/index.php\/lamedicinadellavoro\/article\/download\/12661\/10817","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/mattioli1885journals.com\/index.php\/lamedicinadellavoro\/article\/download\/12661\/10817","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T15:19:14Z","timestamp":1741792754000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/mattioli1885journals.com\/index.php\/lamedicinadellavoro\/article\/view\/12661"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23749\/mdl.v113i3.12661","relation":{"has-manifestation":[{"id-type":"other","id":"4-826-12661-g10817","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-part-of":[{"id-type":"other","id":"4-826","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2532-1080","0025-7818"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2532-1080","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0025-7818","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"article-number":"5"}}