{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:13:31Z","timestamp":1790745211584,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Mattioli1885","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Previous research has shown an excess risk of COVID-19 among several occupations, but data on public transport workers are scarce. To investigate the occupational risk posed by contact with the public, we followed up the incidence of COVID-19 in a cohort of public transport workers. Methods: We identified the incident cases of COVID-19 between 1 September 2020 - 6 May 2021 in a cohort of 2,052 employees of a public transport agency in Sardinia, Italy. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was based on a positive molecular test. To calculate the expected events, we applied the age- and gender-specific incidence rates of the regional population in the same time period to the correspondent strata of the study cohort. We estimated the relative risk (RR) of COVID-19 as the ratio between the observed and the expected events and its 95% confidence interval (95% C.I.) among the total cohort and in two sub-cohorts: bus drivers, and the rest of the personnel (administrative staff, train and metro drivers, workers in the mechanical shop, and in the railroad maintenance, and security). Results: Bus drivers run an elevated risk of COVID-19 (RR = 1.4, 95% C.I. 1.07 - 1.79). There was no excess risk among the sub-cohort including the rest of the personnel. Conclusions: Our study suggests an excess risk of COVID-19 among bus drivers even in a relatively low incidence area, which could imply inadequacy of the preventive measures in place. Further, larger size studies with detailed information on personal and lifestyle characteristics are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i4.13478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T07:58:01Z","timestamp":1741161481000},"page":"e2022039","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["COVID-19 incidence in a cohort of public transport workers"],"prefix":"10.23749","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"De Matteis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerio","family":"Cencedda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Pilia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierluigi","family":"Cocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica, Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Universit\u00e0 di Cagliari"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27750","reference":[{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i4.13478_ref1","unstructured":"The Advisory Committee on Safety and Health at Work. Opinion: Update of Commission Recommendation 2003\/670\/EC concerning the European schedule of occupational disease to include COVID-19. Adopted 18.05.2022. Brussels, Belgium: The European Commission, DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion Working Conditions and Social Dialogue, Health and Safety at Work, EU OSHA, 2022. Available online at: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/ commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/ip_22_3117 (last accessed 9 July 2022)."},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i4.13478_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lan FY, Wei CF, Hsu YT, et al. Work-related COVID-19 transmission in six Asian countries\/areas: A follow-up study. PLoS One. 2020;15:e0233588. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0233588.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233588"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i4.13478_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Matteis S. COVID-19: are not all workers 'essential'? Occup Environ Med. 2021;78(5):305-306. doi: 10. 1136\/oemed-2020-107272.","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2020-107272"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i4.13478_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rhodes S, Wilkinson J, Pearce N, et al. Occupational differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection: analysis of the UK ONS COVID-19 infection survey. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2022:jech-2022-219101. doi: 10.1136\/jech-2022-219101.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.04.28.22273177"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i4.13478_ref5","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics. Coronavirus (COVID-19) Related Deaths by Occupation, England and Wales Statistical Bulletins. Available online at: https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunty\/ healthandsocialcare\/causesofdeath\/bulletins\/coronaviruscovid19relateddeathsbyoccupationenglandandwales\/previousReleases. (last accessed 16 June 2021)."},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i4.13478_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mutambudzi M, Niedwiedz C, Macdonald EB, et al. Occupation and risk of severe COVID-19: prospective cohort study of 120 075 UK Biobank participants. Occup Environ Med. 2020;78(5):307-314. doi: 10.1136\/oemed-2020-106731.","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2020-106731"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i4.13478_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cocco P, De Matteis S. The determinants of the changing speed of spread of COVID-19 across Italy. Epidemiol Infect 2022:1-26. doi: 10.1017\/S095026882200084X.","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026882200084X"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i4.13478_ref8","unstructured":"Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri. Dipartimento della Protezione Civile. COVID-19 Italian Situation. Available online at: https:\/\/opendatadpc.maps.arcgis.com\/apps\/dashboards\/b0c68bce2cce478eaac82fe 38d4138b1 [In Italian] (last accessed 23 July 2022)."},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i4.13478_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miettinen O. Estimability and estimation in case referent studies. Am J Epidemiol. 1976; 103(2):226-235. doi: 10.1093\/aje\/kwx074.","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112220"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i4.13478_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogen Y. Assessing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels as a contributing factor to coronavirus (COVID-19) fatality. Sci Total Environ. 2020;726:138605. doi: 10.1016\/j.scitotenv. 2020.138605.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138605"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i4.13478_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villeneuve PJ, Goldberg MS. Methodological Considerations for Epidemiological Studies of Air Pollution and the SARS and COVID-19 Coronavirus Outbreaks. Environ Health Perspect. 2020;128(9):95001. doi: 10.1289\/ EHP7411.","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP7411"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i4.13478_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang B, Liu J, Fu S, et al. Airborne particulate matter, population mobility and COVID-19: a multi-city study in China. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1585. doi: 10.1186\/ s12889-020-09669-3.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09669-3"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i4.13478_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Xie J, Huang F, Cao L. Association between short-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 infection: Evidence from China. Sci Total Environ. 2020;727:138704. doi. 10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138704.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138704"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i4.13478_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao Y, Pan J, Liu Z, et al. Ambient nitrogen dioxide pollution and spreadability of COVID-19 in Chinese cities. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021;208:111421. doi:10.1016\/j.ecoenv. 2020.111421.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.111421"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i4.13478_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang D, Shi L, Zhao J, et al. Urban Air Pollution May Enhance COVID-19 Case-Fatality and Mortality Rates in the United States. Innovation. 2020;1(3):100047. doi: 10.1016\/j.xinn.2020.100047.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xinn.2020.100047"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i4.13478_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veronesi G, De Matteis S, Calori G, et al. Long-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 incidence: a prospective study of residents in the city of Varese, Northern Italy. Occup Environ Med. 2022;79(3): 192-199. doi: 10.1136\/oemed-2021-107833.","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2021-107833"},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i4.13478_ref17","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics. Coronavirus (COVID-19) Related Deaths by Occupation, England and Wales: deaths registered between 9 March and 28 December 2020. Available online at: https:\/\/www.ons. gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/healthandsocialcare\/causesofdeath\/bulletins\/coronaviruscovid19relateddeathsbyoccupationenglandandwales\/deathsregisteredbetween9marchand28december2020#men-and-deaths-involving-covid-19-by-occupation. (last accessed 16 June 2022)."},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i4.13478_ref18","unstructured":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0 \u2013 Istituto Nazionale di Statistica. [Impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the total mortality of the resident population: January \u2013 November 2020]. https:\/\/www.istat.it\/it\/ files\/\/2020\/12\/Rapp_Istat_Iss.pdf. (accessed 11 April 2021). [In Italian]."},{"key":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i4.13478_ref19","unstructured":"Italian Ministry of Transportation and Navigation. Ministerial Decree No. 88 of 13 February 1999. [Regu-lation of the assessment and control of the physical and psycho-attitudinal fitness of the public transport personnel as stated by article No. 9, points 3 and 4, of the President of the Republic Decree No. 753 of 11 July 1980]. Gazz. Uff. No. 84 of 12 April 1999, [In Italian]"}],"container-title":["La Medicina del Lavoro","La Medicina del Lavoro | Work, Environment and Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/mattioli1885journals.com\/index.php\/lamedicinadellavoro\/article\/download\/13478\/10922","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/mattioli1885journals.com\/index.php\/lamedicinadellavoro\/article\/download\/13478\/10922","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T11:21:11Z","timestamp":1741778471000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/mattioli1885journals.com\/index.php\/lamedicinadellavoro\/article\/view\/13478"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23749\/mdl.v113i4.13478","relation":{"has-manifestation":[{"id-type":"other","id":"4-830-13478-g10922","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-part-of":[{"id-type":"other","id":"4-830","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-cited-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3389\/ijph.2023.1605925","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1057\/s41599-023-02091-1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2532-1080","0025-7818"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2532-1080","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0025-7818","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"article-number":"4"}}