{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T16:46:23Z","timestamp":1793810783875,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"The Korean Society of Nephrology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["krcp-ksn.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Kidney Res Clin Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis remains a significant complication and an important cause of technique failure. Based on current International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis guidelines, diagnosis of peritonitis is made when two of the three following criteria are met: 1) clinical features consistent with peritonitis; 2) dialysis effluent white blood cell count of &gt;100 cells\/\u03bcL; 3) positive effluent culture. However, early and accurate diagnosis can still be faulty, and emphasis has been placed on improving the timeliness and accuracy of diagnosis to facilitate early effective treatment. There have been advances in the novel diagnostic tests such as point-of-care molecular tests, genetics sequencing, mass spectrometry, and machine learning algorithm with immune fingerprinting. This article will discuss the latest evidence and updates of these tests in the management of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.23876\/j.krcp.21.204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T05:45:28Z","timestamp":1642743928000},"page":"156-164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23876\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Recent advances in novel diagnostic testing for peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis"],"prefix":"10.23876","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Winston Wing-Shing","family":"Fung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9879-8388","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Philip Kam-Tao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"9960","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.14631218"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.v1341040"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2011.194"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.09280913"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.03180906"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"74","volume-title":"Patient and caregiver priorities for outcomes in peritoneal dialysis: multinational nominal group technique study","author":"Manera","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2016.00078"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0272-6386(03)00790-x"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0272-6386(85)80105-0"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.21.5.840-842.1985"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1665-2681(19)31445-0"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(95)90931-1"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/318140"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Using reagent strips for rapid diagnosis of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients","author":"Park","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080002000214"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-6686.2010.00150.x"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-2442.220875"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000489271"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1074-7613(01)00151-0"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-63258-3"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"531","volume-title":"New insights in the regulation of leukocytosis and the role played by leukocytes in septic shock","author":"Opdenakker","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ccm.0000000000001374"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"PERiPLEX [Internet]","year":"c2021"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.01.044"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-015-0394-1"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365519509110257"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-008-9271-7"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/jn.5000271"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2013.00300"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2006080882"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12402"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2012.32.2.119"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.40.11.4211-4217.2002"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000092040"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2021.07.003"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/modi.2001.29158"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/512818"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.17.4.840-862.2004"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"602","volume-title":"Rapid detection and identification of pathogens in patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) associated peritonitis by 16s rRNA gene sequencing","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0896860820908473"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Comparative study of diagnosis of PD peritonitis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction for bacterial DNA vs culture methods","author":"Johnson","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.03106-13"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00801-14"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2018.1480369"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00966-13"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036528"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60327-999-4_7"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1918"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0896860820917845"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mas.10004"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mas.10003"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu292"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/600885"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00492-13"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.03378-15"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.02360213"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12828"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.01010306"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33196-2"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2013040332"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.05.009"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.02.027"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.01.017"}],"container-title":["Kidney Research and Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/krcp-ksn.org\/upload\/pdf\/j-krcp-21-204.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/krcp-ksn.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.23876\/j.krcp.21.204","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/krcp-ksn.org\/upload\/pdf\/j-krcp-21-204.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T01:06:25Z","timestamp":1648170385000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/krcp-ksn.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.23876\/j.krcp.21.204"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23876\/j.krcp.21.204","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-9140"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-9140","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-09-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}