{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T06:25:10Z","timestamp":1785392710205,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"The Korean Society of Nephrology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707177600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U20A20351"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U20A20351"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022963","name":"Key Research and Development Plan of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021C03079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021C03079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022963","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["krcp-ksn.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Kidney Res Clin Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is one of the common causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults and children worldwide. FSGS consists of a group of kidney diseases classified based on specific histopathological features. The current classification of FSGS makes it difficult to distinguish individual differences in pathogenesis, disease progression, and response to treatment. In recent years, the spread of next-generation sequencing, updates in biological techniques, and improvements of treatment have changed our understanding of FSGS. In this review, we will discuss the use of genetic testing in patients with FSGS, explore its clinical significance from a genetic identification perspective, and introduce several new biomarkers, that may help in the early diagnosis of FSGS and guide the development of specific or targeted therapies, so as to understand the biological characteristics in FSGS. This will certainly help develop more effective and safer treatments and advance precision medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.23876\/j.krcp.23.227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T07:41:14Z","timestamp":1707205274000},"page":"709-723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23876\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Precision medicine for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis"],"prefix":"10.23876","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6234-5325","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yi","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9098-9155","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"9960","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2003.08.010"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2011.03.005"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2017090958"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfv325"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-017-3838-6"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"592","volume-title":"Spectrum of steroid-resistant and congenital nephrotic syndrome in children: the PodoNet registry cohort","author":"Trautmann","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.10.013"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.08750718"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-017-0564-1"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2013111155"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1193032"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddab024"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-020-04553-z"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"136","volume-title":"A glomerular transcriptomic landscape of apolipoprotein L1 in Black patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis","author":"McNulty","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.0000000000000069"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-021-04990-4"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddab022"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.15161219"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-14-47"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000499937"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmc1202500"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000510748"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaa211"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/504294"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000490118"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2411"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2015.03.048"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5679518"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13487"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-016-0242-7"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.346"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/tp.0000000000002930"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"1304","volume-title":"Serum soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor levels and idiopathic FSGS in children: a single-center report","author":"Bock","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50405-8"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.03800609"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/714964"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2015.03.002"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9113653"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008538"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2012.04338.x"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.13372"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58197-y"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10102174"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-018-0037-z"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1304572"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-022-05549-7"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-022-01026-8"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00510.2015"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"1250","volume-title":"CD80 expression and infiltrating regulatory T cells in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome of childhood","author":"Eroglu","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/cn110134"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3142"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.727370"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7298160"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2014020190"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21062095"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.07.013"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.11.096"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-018-1470-2"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-0569-y"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.11561113"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119671"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000525233"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51276-9"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.133267"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"565","volume-title":"Precision nephrology identified tumor necrosis factor activation variability in minimal change disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis","author":"Mariani","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"S1","volume-title":"KDIGO 2021 clinical practice guideline for the management of glomerular diseases","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xkme.2022.100501"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00425.2015"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2018010091"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-017-3657-9"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-020-04914-8"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-017-3634-3"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mgg3.1360"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.04.029"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.05960616"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.126124"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2022.04.007"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.157432"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-015-0094-5"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-020-01797-7"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmc1308488"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-019-04365-w"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13548"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.07.006"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.12.009"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.86934"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.03.892"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13020266"}],"container-title":["Kidney Research and Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/krcp-ksn.org\/upload\/pdf\/j-krcp-23-227.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/krcp-ksn.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.23876\/j.krcp.23.227","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/krcp-ksn.org\/upload\/pdf\/j-krcp-23-227.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T04:38:57Z","timestamp":1732768737000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/krcp-ksn.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.23876\/j.krcp.23.227"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23876\/j.krcp.23.227","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-9140"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-9140","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}