{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T05:32:33Z","timestamp":1793165553593,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"The Korean Society of Nephrology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005762","name":"National Taiwan University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["113-X0014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["113-X0014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005762","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Kidney Research Foundation, and the National Science and Technology Council","award":["111-2314-B-038-112-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["111-2314-B-038-112-MY3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["krcp-ksn.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Kidney Res Clin Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global public health issue, with genetic factors playing a significant role in kidney function. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous loci associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), most studies relied on a single time-point measurement, which limits the capacity to account for within-individual measurement variability. Methods: We performed a repeated-measurement GWAS in the prospective Taiwan Biobank (Taiwanese ancestry; n = 25,004) using two repeated creatinine-based eGFR measurements. Repeated eGFR values were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model with a subject-specific random intercept and time-varying covariates, providing a more precise estimate of eGFR level. Identified loci underwent functional annotation (expression quantitative trait locus, deleteriousness prediction, and epigenetic markers) and were compared with results from a single-measurement GWAS. Results: Six loci associated with eGFR were identified, including four previously reported regions (1q22, 4q21.1, 11p14.1, and 17q21.2) and two additional loci (6p21.32 and 15q24.2). Functional annotation implicated several candidate genes\u2014such as MUC1\/EFNA1, SHROOM3, HLA-DQB1, MPPED2, NRG4, and PGAP3\/FBXL20\u2014in the regulation of kidney function. Conclusion: Incorporating repeated eGFR measurements into GWAS may improve phenotypic precision for identifying genetic associations with kidney function. This study identified eGFR-associated loci and biologically plausible candidate genes in a Taiwanese population, which require further replication and functional validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.23876\/j.krcp.25.430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T02:12:08Z","timestamp":1788919928000},"page":"978-990","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23876\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genome-wide association study of estimated glomerular filtration rate using repeated measurements in the Taiwan Biobank"],"prefix":"10.23876","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7813-3423","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yi-Chih","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6697-4858","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hsiao-Mei","family":"Tsao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7358-5343","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jacob Shujui","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8077-5011","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yi-Cheng","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0757-1901","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yu-Hsuan Joni","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9273-3153","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yu-Hsiang","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7935-0991","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vin-Cent","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1041-5571","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shuei-Liong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0552-372X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tai-Shuan","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"9960","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kisu.2021.11.003"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.11.012"},{"key":"ref3"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10023"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2022.01.018"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xgen.2022.100197"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1785"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000529"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41525-021-00178-9"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2102953"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01261-5"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2010.11.011"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.608"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1016"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1340"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37691-7"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.20410"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.361"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24491-0"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54483-9"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2022.42.1.54"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"1187","volume-title":"Discovery of new risk loci for IgA nephropathy implicates genes involved in immunity against intestinal pathogens","author":"Kiryluk","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-19-0017"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"5501","volume-title":"Neuregulin 4 attenuate tubulointerstitial fibrosis and advanced glycosylation end products accumulation in diabetic nephropathy rats via regulating TNF-R1 signaling","author":"Shi","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-72970-3"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2015.28"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2543"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2011.10.013"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00020.2006"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2015060621"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77952-9"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.182881.114"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci76902"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1995.9973"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002584"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2013.12.012"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m113.492611"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.06.052"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0579-z"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmsr1809937"}],"container-title":["Kidney Research and Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/krcp-ksn.org\/upload\/pdf\/j-krcp-25-430.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/krcp-ksn.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.23876\/j.krcp.25.430","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/krcp-ksn.org\/upload\/pdf\/j-krcp-25-430.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T04:44:32Z","timestamp":1793162672000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/krcp-ksn.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.23876\/j.krcp.25.430"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23876\/j.krcp.25.430","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-9140"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-9140","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}