{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T06:38:13Z","timestamp":1784356693123,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Academic Forensic Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Suicide in jails, like all death in custody, may involve complicated investigation. Allegations of mistreatment and\/or abuse may be raised and these possibilities need to be addressed. Apart from these investigative concerns, the occurrence of suicides in such a controlled environment raises additional questions about potential preventative measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Between 2004 and 2014, there were ten deaths of incarcerated individuals in Cuyahoga County (metropolitan Cleveland) Ohio. Most (80%) were white and all were male. Similar to previous reviews, the majority of decedents hanged themselves (90%), with one case of asphyxiation by airway obstruction with a foreign body. Psychiatric disorders were noted in six of ten decedents while seven of ten had a history of substance abuse including alcoholism. Overall, nine of ten had at least one of these disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>All suicide deaths occurred within one year of incarceration, which may reflect the absence of a long-term prison fatality in our county. It is noteworthy that 70% of deaths occurred within the first month of incarceration with four of ten events occurring in less than a day including two deaths in less than 30 minutes. Positive toxicology for abused substances was noted in 75% (three) of the four individuals who died in less than a day and only in one other suicide, which occurred on the second day of incarceration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Our data suggest that suicide in jail is predominantly a male phenomenon, with early incarceration being a particularly vulnerable period. The presence of another inmate in the same cell as the decedent was not seen to have an independent deterrent effect. Intoxication, particularly in individuals with a history of substance abuse and\/or alcoholism, should raise concern for potential self-harm in recently jailed individuals. Possible interventions suggested by this study might include closer direct surveillance in the early incarceration period, earlier access to mental health services as well as design modifications in holding cells with possible dedicated short-term holding areas where self-harm risks are minimized and surveillance can be optimized.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.23907\/2016.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,11]],"date-time":"2017-04-11T11:33:12Z","timestamp":1491910392000},"page":"109-113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Suicide in Jail: A Ten-Year Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Kucmanic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University - Bioethics\/Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas P.","family":"Gilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cuyahoga County Regional Forensic Science Laboratory"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2016.011","unstructured":"NoonanM., RohlofH., GinderS. Mortality in local jails and state prisons, 2000-2013, statistical tables. Washington: Bureau of Justice Statistics; 2015. 41 p."},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr2-2016.011","first-page":"1","volume":"64","author":"Heron M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep."},{"key":"bibr3-2016.011","unstructured":"MontgomeryD. New details released in Sandra Bland's death in Texas jail. New York Times [Internet]. 2015 Jul 20 [cited 2015 Nov 19]: U.S. Available from: http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/07\/21\/us\/new-details-released-in-sandra-blands-death-in-texas-jail.html?_r=0."},{"key":"bibr4-2016.011","unstructured":"Detailed tables for the National Vital Statistics Report (NVSR) \u201cDeaths: final data for 2013\u201d [Internet]. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2015. Table 9: Death rates by age and age-adjusted death rates for the 15 leading causes of death in 2013: United States, 1999\u20132013 [cited 2015 Nov 19]. Available from: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/nvsr\/nvsr64\/nvsr64_02.pdf."},{"key":"bibr5-2016.011","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau [Internet]. Washington: U.S. Department of Commerce; c2015. Cuyahoga County QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau; [cited 2015 Nov 19]. Available from: http:\/\/quickfacts.census.gov\/qfd\/states\/39\/39035.html."},{"key":"bibr6-2016.011","unstructured":"MumolaC.J. Bureau of Justice Statistics special report: suicide and homicide in state prisons and local jails [Internet]. Washington: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs; 2005 [cited 2015 Nov 19]. 12 p. Available from: http:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/scans\/bjs\/shsplj.pdf."},{"key":"bibr7-2016.011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HayesL.M. National study of jail suicide: 20 years later. J Correct Health Care. 2012 Jul; 18(3): 233\u201345. PMID: 22569904. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1177\/1078345812445457.","DOI":"10.1177\/1078345812445457"},{"key":"bibr8-2016.011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HarrisonK.S., RogersR. Axis I screens and suicide risk in jails: a comparative analysis. Assessment. 2007 Jun; 14(2): 171\u201380. PMID: 17504889. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1177\/1073191106296483.","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191106296483"},{"key":"bibr9-2016.011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mo\u015bcickiE.K. Epidemiology of completed and attempted suicide: toward a framework for prevention. Clin Neuro Res. 2001 Nov; 1(5): 310\u201323. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/s1566-2772(01)00032-9.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1566-2772(01)00032-9"},{"key":"bibr10-2016.011","unstructured":"HayesL. Handbook of correctional mental health. Washington: American Psychiatric Publishing; c2005 Chapter ##, Suicide prevention in correctional facilities; p. 69\u201388."},{"key":"bibr11-2016.011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GalanekJ.D. The cultural construction of mental illness in prison: a perfect storm of pathology. Cult Med Psychiatry. 2013 Mar; 37(1): 195\u2013225. PMID: 23212545. PMCID: PMC3756690. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/s11013-012-9295-6.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11013-012-9295-6"},{"key":"bibr12-2016.011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CostaL, daS., Alencar\u00c1P, Nascimento NetoP.J.  Risk factors for suicide in bipolar disorder: a systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2015 Jan 1; 170: 237\u201354. PMID: 25261630. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2014.09.003.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.09.003"},{"key":"bibr13-2016.011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PopovicD., BenabarreA., CrespoJ.M.  Risk factors for suicide in schizophrenia: systematic review and clinical recommendations. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2014 Dec; 130(6): 418\u201326. PMID: 25230813. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111\/acps.12332.","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12332"},{"key":"bibr14-2016.011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BlaauwE., KerkhofA.J., HayesL.M. Demographic, criminal, and psychiatric factors related to inmate suicide. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2005 Feb; 35(1): 63\u201375. PMID: 15843324. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1521\/suli.35.1.63.59268.","DOI":"10.1521\/suli.35.1.63.59268"},{"key":"bibr15-2016.011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KelloggK.J., KaurS., BlankW.C. Suicide in corrections: an overview. Dis Mon. 2014 May; 60(5): 215\u201320. PMID: 24863272. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.disamonth.2014.04.004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2014.04.004"},{"key":"bibr16-2016.011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CaineE.D. 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