{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:36:09Z","timestamp":1790771769065,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Academic Forensic Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the last two decades, a diagnostic shift in regards to the certification of sudden deaths in infancy has emerged with reassignment of deaths previously certified as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) to a trend utilizing the classification of undetermined or asphyxia. The consequences of this shift outside the medicolegal death investigation (MDI) community is unknown. We surveyed US organizations working in the field of sudden infant death as well as bereaved parents to understand their perceptions of the current diagnostic trends. Two online anonymous surveys were utilized. Sixty-seven organizations and 55 parents with an infant death diagnosis of SIDS, sudden unexplained infant death (SUID), undetermined, or asphyxia participated. Just over 50% (34\/67) of the organizations perceived the shift had an effect on their organization including barriers to bereavement support and education. Forty percent (22\/55) of parent respondents stated they did not understand the final diagnosis of their infant's death. The highest frequency of themes elicited from parents were frustration that the diagnosis (regardless of terminology) did not fully explain the death, detrimental mental health effects, and negative perceptions towards the medical and public health communities. However, parents of children whose death was classified as SIDS were spared from negative perceptions towards the medical field, described the least amount of confusion, and reported the most instances of positives effects. Legal implications, perceived social stigmas, and research obstacles were also described. Recommendations from this study include the integration of collaborative efforts to combat sudden infant death with all stakeholders, in and outside of MDI, to achieve better understanding and eradication of these tragedies, improved public education, and effective care of all bereaved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.23907\/2017.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]],"date-time":"2018-06-27T15:36:01Z","timestamp":1530113761000},"page":"212-220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Diagnostic Shift of SIDS to Undetermined: Are There Unintended Consequences?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Laura Gould","family":"Crandall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Langone Medical Center - Neurology Comprehensive Epilepsy Center and SUDC Foundation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Reno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C.J. First Candle"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Himes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C.J. First Candle"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State Criminal Justice Training Commission"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2017.022","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Internet]. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; c2017. About SUID and SIDS [modified 2017 Feb 1; cited 2017 Mar 15]. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/sids\/aboutsuidandsids.htm."},{"key":"bibr2-2017.022","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Internet]. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; c2017. Infant mortality [modified 2016 Sep 28; cited 2017 Mar 15]. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/reproductivehealth\/maternalinfanthealth\/infantmortality.htm."},{"key":"bibr3-2017.022","unstructured":"NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institutes of Health; c2017. Estimates of funding for various research, condition, and disease categories (RCDC); 2016 Feb 10 [updated 2016 Jul 22; cited 2017 Mar 15]. Available from: https:\/\/report.nih.gov\/categorical_spending.aspx."},{"key":"bibr4-2017.022","unstructured":"Sudden Infant and Child Death Resource Center [Internet]. New York: Sudden Infant and Child Death Resource Center; 2017 [cited 2017 Mar 15]. Available from: http:\/\/216.248.198.60\/SIDS\/history.cfm?s=5."},{"key":"bibr5-2017.022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shapiro-MendozaC.K., TomashekK.M., AndersonR.N., WingoJ. Recent national trends in sudden, unexpected infant deaths: more evidence supporting a change in classification or reporting. Am J Epidemiol. 2006 Apr 15; 163(8): 762\u20139. PMID: 16582034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwj117.","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj117"},{"key":"bibr6-2017.022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NashelskyM.B., PinckardJ.K. The death of SIDS. Acad Forensic Pathol. 2011 Jun; 1(1): 92\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23907\/2011.010.","DOI":"10.23907\/2011.010"},{"key":"bibr7-2017.022","unstructured":"CDC WONDER [Internet]. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; c2017. About compressed mortality, 1999-2015; [cited 2017 Mar 14]. Available from: http:\/\/wonder.cdc.gov\/cmf-icd10.html."},{"key":"bibr8-2017.022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ByardR.W., LeeV. A re-audit of the use of definitions of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in peer-reviewed literature. J Forensic Leg Med. 2012 Nov; 19(8): 455\u20136. PMID: 23084308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2012.04.004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2012.04.004"},{"key":"bibr9-2017.022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MalloyM.H., MacDormanM. Changes in the classification of sudden unexpected infant deaths: United States, 1992\u20132001. Pediatrics. 2005 May; 115(5): 1247\u201353. PMID: 15867031. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2004-2188.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2188"},{"key":"bibr10-2017.022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ByardR.W., BealS.M. Has changing diagnostic preference been responsible for the recent fall in incidence of sudden infant death syndrome in South Australia? J Paediatr Child Health. 1995 Jun; 31(3): 197\u20139. PMID: 7669379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1754.1995.tb00785.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.1995.tb00785.x"},{"key":"bibr11-2017.022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RuddR.A., MarainL.C., CrandallL. To hold or not to hold: medicolegal death investigation practices during unexpected child death investigations and the experiences of next of kin. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2014 Jun; 35(2): 132\u20139. PMID: 24781400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PAF.0000000000000089.","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0000000000000089"},{"key":"bibr12-2017.022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Task Force on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. SIDS and other sleep-related infant deaths: updated 2016 recommendations for a safe infant sleeping environment. Pediatrics. 2016 Nov; 138(5). pii: e20162938. PMID: 27940804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2016-2938.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-2938"},{"key":"bibr13-2017.022","unstructured":"National Commission on Forensic Science [Internet]. Washington: U.S. Department of Justice; Views of the commission: communication with next of kin and other family members; 2016 Aug 24 [cited 2017 Mar 15]. 3 p. Available from: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/ncfs\/page\/file\/905546\/download."}],"container-title":["Academic Forensic Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.23907\/2017.022","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.23907\/2017.022","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.23907\/2017.022","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T08:52:44Z","timestamp":1777366364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.23907\/2017.022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.23907\/2017.022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23907\/2017.022","relation":{},"ISSN":["1925-3621","1925-3621"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1925-3621","type":"print"},{"value":"1925-3621","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}}}