{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:32:58Z","timestamp":1777372378021,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Academic Forensic Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n Parachuting is said to be a relatively safe activity. We sought to undertake a study to assess parachute-related deaths in our jurisdiction.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A retrospective study of parachute-related deaths in Southern Arizona was conducted by searching the Pima County Office of the Medical Examiner database between 2001 and 2016. This search revealed 24 deaths.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The decedents ranged from 19 to 61 years of age, with a median age of 36 years. Twenty-two of the decedents were male. The racial breakdown was 22 white, one Asian, and one not recorded. The manner of death in all cases was classified as an accident. All deaths were due to multiple blunt force injuries and only one case was found to have no injuries to the head or neck. The most common circumstances were failure of chute deployment (seven), mid-air collisions (three), and becoming entangled with other parachutists (three). Six deaths occurred during military training. Four of the nonmilitary decedents were described as \u201cexperienced\u201d parachutists and one case involved a tandem jump team with a survivor. Natural disease was found in four cases with three having moderate coronary artery atherosclerosis. Toxicology was performed in 21 of the deaths with three positive for cannabinoids, one positive for 7-aminoclonazepam, and one positive for 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion<\/jats:title>\n Parachuting is a relatively safe activity, with very few deaths. Investigation of these deaths should include a complete autopsy with toxicology as well as a thorough scene investigation and evaluation of the jumper's equipment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.23907\/2017.055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]],"date-time":"2018-06-27T15:42:17Z","timestamp":1530114137000},"page":"649-656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Parachute Deaths in Southern Arizona"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Rose","family":"Cronin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arizona Honors College"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Winston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pima County Office of the Medical Examiner and University of Arizona Arizona Health Sciences Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2017.055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BurkeM.P., ChittyJ. Forensic analysis of parachute deaths. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2017 Mar; 38(1): 83\u20139. PMID: 28045694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PAF.0000000000000291.","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0000000000000291"},{"key":"bibr2-2017.055","unstructured":"USPA [Internet]. Fredericksburg (VA): United States Parachute Association; c2017. Skydiving safety; [cited Sept 12, 2017]. Available from: http:\/\/www.uspa.org\/facts-faqs\/safety."},{"key":"bibr3-2017.055","unstructured":"Skydive Arizona [Internet]. Eloy (AZ): Skydive Arizona; 2017 [cited 2017 Sep 12]. Available from: https:\/\/www.skydiveaz.com\/about."},{"key":"bibr4-2017.055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HartC.L., GriffithJ.D., RandellJ.A. An analysis of U.S. parachuting fatalities: 2000-2004. Percept Mot Skills. 2006 Dec; 103(3): 896\u2013900. PMID: 17326520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/pms.103.3.896-900.","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.103.3.896-900"},{"key":"bibr5-2017.055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GriffithJ.D., HartC.L. A summary of U.S. skydiving fatalities: 1993-1999. Percept Mot Skills. 2002 Jun; 94: 1089\u201390. PMID: 12186229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/pms.2002.94.3c.1089.","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.2002.94.3c.1089"},{"key":"bibr6-2017.055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"VidovicM., RugaiN. Are hook turns a major obstacle to safe skydiving? A study of skydiving fatalities in the United States from 1992-2005. Percept Mot Skills. 2007 Dec; 105: 795\u2013802. PMID: 18229535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/pms.105.3.795-802.","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.105.3.795-802"},{"key":"bibr7-2017.055","unstructured":"USPA [Internet]. Fredericksburg (VA): United States Parachute Association; c2017. FAQs; [cited Sept 12, 2017]. Available from: http:\/\/www.uspa.org\/facts-faqs\/faqs."},{"key":"bibr8-2017.055","unstructured":"USPA [Internet]. Fredericksburg (VA): United States Parachute Association; c2017. Equipment; [cited Sept 12, 2017]. Available from: http:\/\/www.uspa.org\/facts-faqs\/equipment."},{"key":"bibr9-2017.055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HartC.L., GriffithJ.D. Rise in landing-related skydiving fatalities. Percept Mot Skills. 2003 Oct: 97: 390\u20132. PMID: 14620223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/pms.2003.97.2.390.","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.2003.97.2.390"},{"key":"bibr10-2017.055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BruggerN., SagunerA.M., ZbindenS., KhattabA.A. LAD dissection following parachute belt trauma during BASE jumping. Int J Cardiol. 2012 Aug 23; 159(2): e25\u20136. PMID: 22204851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.11.060.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.11.060"},{"key":"bibr11-2017.055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BuchholzS., QuadenR.B., SchmitzC. \u00dcberfuhrP. Professional parachuting: the risk of acute aortic dissection. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2011 Sep; 13(3): 361\u20132. PMID: 21680552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1510\/icvts.2011.274076.","DOI":"10.1510\/icvts.2011.274076"},{"key":"bibr12-2017.055","unstructured":"DownsR. Skydiver kills self by not opening parachute. United Press International [Internet]. 2017 Jul 16 [cited 2017 Sep 12]; U.S. News. Available from: https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Skydiver-kills-self-by-not-opening-parachute\/4041500255183\/."}],"container-title":["Academic Forensic Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.23907\/2017.055","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.23907\/2017.055","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.23907\/2017.055","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T08:53:00Z","timestamp":1777366380000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.23907\/2017.055"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.23907\/2017.055"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23907\/2017.055","relation":{},"ISSN":["1925-3621","1925-3621"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1925-3621","type":"print"},{"value":"1925-3621","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}}}