{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T04:56:15Z","timestamp":1783572975623,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"IEEE","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.23919\/cycon.2019.8756954","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]],"date-time":"2019-07-12T00:18:45Z","timestamp":1562890725000},"page":"1-20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["The All-Purpose Sword: North Korea's Cyber Operations and Strategies"],"prefix":"10.23919","author":[{"given":"Kong","family":"Ji-Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lim","family":"Jong In","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Kyoung Gon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","article-title":"Vietnam bank says interrupted cyber heist using SWIFT messaging","author":"nguyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reuters"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Let's learn about enemy through various IoCs of real APT cases","author":"moonbeom","year":"2018","journal-title":"DragonCon 2018"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"6 Cyber Units were built after Kim Jong-un regime","author":"yongjae","year":"2017","journal-title":"RFA"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"After ICBM provocation, North Korea Internet 9 hours paralysis","author":"yongjae","year":"2017","journal-title":"RFA"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Negotiations with North Korea may have Cyber Consequences","author":"adam","year":"2018","journal-title":"38 North"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Kim Yong Chol, A Biography","author":"michael","year":"2018","journal-title":"38 North"},{"key":"ref37","year":"2019","journal-title":"Campaign"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"The NSA reportedly tried - but failed - in Stuxnet strike against North Korea","author":"katherine","year":"2015","journal-title":"IDC News Service"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack","year":"2015","journal-title":"NOVETTA"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"North Korea's Ruling Elite Adapt Internet Behavior to Foreign Scrutiny","author":"priscilla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Recorded Future"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Kim Jong-un, ‘with brave cyber warriors, we can penetrate any sanctions.'","author":"yongsu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chosun"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"66","article-title":"North Korea's cyber-attack, and our response","author":"seungju","year":"2014","journal-title":"Monthly North Korea"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"North Korea's Cyber War Capability and South Korea's National Counterstrategy","author":"lim","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Quarterly Journal of Defense Policy Studies"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"APT Attack - New ‘Kimsuky’ malware emerged","year":"2014","journal-title":"ASEC Threat Research & Responding Blog"},{"key":"ref1","article-title":"North Korea's Electonic Warfare Capability","author":"yonghyun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chosun"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Researchers have found an unexpected axis of North Korea's cyber activity: India","author":"josh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Quartz"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"North Korea Cyber Activity","year":"2017","journal-title":"Recorded Future"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"A First Look at the North Korean Malware Family Tree","author":"ionut","year":"2018","journal-title":"BleepingComputer"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Sony Sony\/Destover: Mystery North Korean actor's destructive and past network activity","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kaspersky Lab"},{"key":"ref23","author":"jun","year":"2015","journal-title":"North Korea’s Cyber Operations Strategy and responses Maryland Rowman & Littlefield"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Detailed explanation of government announcement of 3.20 cyber terrorism case","author":"kyungae","year":"2013","journal-title":"Boan News"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Responses and Strategies against North Korea's Cyber Information Warfare","author":"heungkwang","year":"2010","journal-title":"North Korea Intellectuals Solidarity"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"North Korean Regime-Backed Programmer Charged with Conspiracy to Conduct Multiple Cyberattacks and Intrusions","year":"2018","journal-title":"press release"},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"White Paper: The Gray Zone","year":"2015","journal-title":"USSOCOM"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"Russia Provides New Internet Connection to North Korea","author":"martyn","year":"2017","journal-title":"38 North"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"Lazarus Arisen: Architecture, Techniques and Attribution","author":"volkov","year":"2017","journal-title":"IBM Group"},{"key":"ref10","author":"kuyoun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advancement of Science and Technology and North Korea’ s Asymmetric Threat Rise of cyberwarfare and unmanned aerial vehicle"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"In cyber arms race, North Korea emerging as a power, not a pushover","author":"mark","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Christian Science Monitor"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"2018 Defense White Paper","year":"2018","journal-title":"Seoul ROK Ministry of National Defense"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Part 1: Who was manning the ramparts at Sony Pictures?","author":"peter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fortune"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Russian spies hacked the Olympics and tried to make it look like North Korea did it, U.S. officials say","author":"nakashima","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Washington Post"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"APT37 (Reaper): The overlooked North Korean actor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fireeye"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Korea Customized APT Attack of Kim Soo-ki Hacking Organization... Still","author":"mingwon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dailysecu"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"OlympicDestroyer is here to trick the industry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kaspersky Lab"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"47","article-title":"North Korea's cyber threats are serious, the network of RGB should be disabled","volume":"5","author":"mathew","year":"2018","journal-title":"Interview by No Jungmin Radio Free Asia"},{"key":"ref18","author":"mathew","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kim Jong Un's (All-Purpose Sword'North Korean Cyber-Enabled Economic Warfare"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"North Korea sends 50 to 60 talented students to study abroad to train as cyber agents","author":"sangmi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Voice of America"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv2n7qj5"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Operation Kimsuky's secret activities, Korea customized APT attack is currently in progress","year":"2018","journal-title":"ESTsecurity Alyac Blog"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"U.S. charges North Korean hacker in Sony, WannaCry cyberattacks","author":"christopher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reuters"},{"key":"ref5","author":"ben","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Legend of Sophistication in Cyber Operations"},{"key":"ref8","volume":"199","year":"2008","journal-title":"Responses to Cyber Terrorism (NATO Science for Peace and Security)"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Forces Shaping the Cyber Threat Landscape for Financial Institutions","author":"william","year":"2017","journal-title":"SWIFT Institute Working Paper No 2016-004"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"The ‘Kimsuky’ Operation: A North Korean APT?","author":"dmitry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Securelist"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"China Unicorn Global Brief Introduction","volume":"9","year":"2016","journal-title":"Slideshare Slide"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"Four Years of DarkSeoul Cyberattacks Against South Korea Continue on Anniversary of Korean War","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Official Symantec Blog"},{"key":"ref45","volume":"v3","author":"alastair","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran and North Korea sign technology treaty to combat hostile malware"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"Experts question North Korea role in WannaCry cyberattack","author":"talmadge","year":"2017","journal-title":"APS News"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"SWIFT attackers' malware linked to more financial attacks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Symantec"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"KHNP, staff information leaked to technical data","year":"2014","journal-title":"BoanNews"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"The World Once Laughed at North Korean Cyberpower. No More","author":"kirkpatrick","year":"2017","journal-title":"The New York Times"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"28","article-title":"Cyber Threat posed by North Korea and China to South Korea and US Forces Korea","volume":"364","author":"sin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Defense Technology"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"Intermediate investigation result of KHNP cyber terrorism case","year":"2015","journal-title":"Supreme Prosecutors'Office"}],"event":{"name":"2019 11th International Conference on Cyber Conflict (CyCon)","location":"Tallinn, Estonia","start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,31]]}},"container-title":["2019 11th International Conference on Cyber Conflict (CyCon)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/8751947\/8756633\/08756954.pdf?arnumber=8756954","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]],"date-time":"2020-09-04T21:49:30Z","timestamp":1599256170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8756954\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"references-count":53,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/cycon.2019.8756954","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}}}