{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:25:54Z","timestamp":1767705954523,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"IEEE","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743379200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743379200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"DOI":"10.23919\/date64628.2025.10993184","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T17:36:35Z","timestamp":1747848995000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["UPAQ: A Framework for Real-Time and Energy-Efficient 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Vehicles"],"prefix":"10.23919","author":[{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Balasubramaniam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Fort Collins,CO,USA"}]},{"given":"Febin P","family":"Sunny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Fort Collins,CO,USA"}]},{"given":"Sudeep","family":"Pasricha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Fort Collins,CO,USA"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"volume-title":"Automated Driving Systems, NHTSA","key":"ref1"},{"journal-title":"Object detection in autonomous vehicles: Status and open challenges","year":"2022","author":"Balasubramaniam","key":"ref2"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCE.2018.2828440"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-28016-0"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23177596"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Sparsity in deep learning: Pruning and growth for efficient inference and training in neural networks","author":"Torsten","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journal of Machine Learning Research 22.1"},{"journal-title":"Pruning vs Quantization: Which is Better?","year":"2023","author":"Andrey","key":"ref7"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.169"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icepe.2018.8559776"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iccv.2017.324"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"On the performance of one-stage and two-stage object detectors in autonomous vehicles using camera data","volume":"13.1","author":"Manuel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Remote Sensing"},{"journal-title":"YOLOX: Exceeding YOLO Series in 2021","year":"2021","author":"Ge","key":"ref12"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.16"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.01298"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00330"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Smoke: Single-stage monocular 3d object detection via keypoint estimation","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops","author":"Zechen","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18103337"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Focal sparse convolutional networks for 3d object detection","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"Yukang","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Virtual sparse convolution for multimodal 3d object detection","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"Hai","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2021.676564"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Clip-q: Deep network compression learning by in-parallel pruning-quantization","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","author":"Frederick","year":"2018"},{"journal-title":"Lidar-ptq: Post-training quantization for point cloud 3d object detection","author":"Sifan","key":"ref22"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DAC56929.2023.10247917"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Inducing and Exploiting Activation Sparsity for Fast Inference on Deep Neural Networks","author":"Kurtz","year":"2020","journal-title":"ICML"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.01152"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Pruning neural networks without any data by iteratively conserving synaptic flow","author":"Tanaka","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeurIPS"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ETFA45728.2021.9613668"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2020.03.056"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3508391"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3373376.3378534"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"110.11","article-title":"Loss aware post-training quantization","author":"Yury","year":"2021","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003162810-13"},{"volume-title":"Shallow and deep copy operations - Python documentation","key":"ref34"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Quantization and training of neural networks for efficient integer-arithmetic-only inference","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","author":"Benoit","year":"2018"},{"article-title":"NVpower at master.wildkid1024\/NVpower","volume-title":"GitHub","year":"2020","key":"ref36"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCE.2022.3154346"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3476998"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCE.2020.3002489"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSD57027.2022.00049"}],"event":{"name":"2025 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference (DATE)","start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"location":"Lyon, France","end":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]}},"container-title":["2025 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference (DATE)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/10992638\/10992588\/10993184.pdf?arnumber=10993184","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T05:33:11Z","timestamp":1747891991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10993184\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"references-count":39,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/date64628.2025.10993184","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]}}}