{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T01:36:58Z","timestamp":1777426618800,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":177,"publisher":"IEEE","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651017600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651017600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"DOI":"10.23919\/fruct54823.2022.9770931","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T20:32:27Z","timestamp":1652301147000},"page":"320-331","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Artificial Intelligence in the IoT Era: A Review of Edge AI Hardware and Software"],"prefix":"10.23919","author":[{"given":"Tuomo","family":"Sipola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"JAMK University of Applied Sciences,Jyv&#x00E4;skyl&#x00E4;,Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janne","family":"Alatalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JAMK University of Applied Sciences,Jyv&#x00E4;skyl&#x00E4;,Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tero","family":"Kokkonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JAMK University of Applied Sciences,Jyv&#x00E4;skyl&#x00E4;,Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Rantonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JAMK University of Applied Sciences,Jyv&#x00E4;skyl&#x00E4;,Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref170","article-title":"emlearn: Machine Learning inference engine for Microcontrollers and Embedded Devices","author":"nordby","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTAI.2019.00238"},{"key":"ref171","author":"titov","year":"2022","journal-title":"m2cgen"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/s20092638","article-title":"Machine learning on mainstream microcontrollers","volume":"20","author":"sakr","year":"2020","journal-title":"SENSORS"},{"key":"ref173","author":"salerno","year":"2022","journal-title":"MicroML"},{"key":"ref176","author":"morawiec","year":"2022","journal-title":"Weka-porter"},{"key":"ref175","first-page":"747","author":"singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Embedded Machine Learning-Based Data Reduction in Application-Specific Constrained IoT Networks"},{"key":"ref177","author":"witten","year":"2016","journal-title":"The WEKA Workbench Online Appendix for &#x201C;Data Mining Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques"},{"key":"ref168","year":"2022","journal-title":"MicroPython"},{"key":"ref169","article-title":"sklearn-porter","author":"morawiec","year":"0","journal-title":"transpile trained scikit-learn estimators to C Java JavaScript and others"},{"key":"ref39","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intel movidius&#x2122; myriad&#x2122; x vision processing unit (vpu)"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2020.2994737"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WAIN52551.2021.00023"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AICAS.2019.8771536"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2964608"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIIBMS52876.2021.9651591"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NVMTS47818.2019.8986214"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AICAS51828.2021.9458528"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IMW.2019.8739709"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IC2E52221.2021.00016"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2020.2971418"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"1","article-title":"A CNN-based human head detection algorithm implemented on EdgeAI chip","author":"shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"2020 International Conference on System Science and Engineering (ICSSE)"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RDCAPE52977.2021.9633681"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"1","article-title":"EdgeAI and blockchain for privacy-critical and data-sensitive applications","author":"nawaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"2019 Twelfth International Conference on Mobile Computing and Ubiquitous Network (ICMU)"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWCMC51323.2021.9498593"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2021.3098317"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2019.8768883"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AI4G50087.2020.9311036"},{"key":"ref101","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jetson Xavier NX Developer Kit"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"1","article-title":"Synthetic exhaled breath data-based edgeAI model for the prediction of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","author":"ooko","year":"2021","journal-title":"2021 International Conference on Computing and Communications Applications and Technologies (I3CAT)"},{"key":"ref100","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jetson Nano Developer Kit"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JEEIT53412.2021.9634140"},{"key":"ref50","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ndp100 neural decision processor"},{"key":"ref51","year":"2022","journal-title":"The world&#x2019;s top performing AI processor for edge devices"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2019.00104"},{"key":"ref153","article-title":"TVM: end-to-end optimization stack for deep learning","author":"chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"key":"ref156","article-title":"A higher-level Neural Network library on Microcontrollers (NNoM)","author":"ma","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref155","article-title":"Compiler toolchains for deep learning workloads on embedded platforms","author":"sponner","year":"0"},{"key":"ref150","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open neural network exchange"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AICAS.2019.8771510"},{"key":"ref151","article-title":"Glow: Graph lowering compiler techniques for neural networks","author":"rotem","year":"2018","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2019.00447"},{"key":"ref147","year":"2021","journal-title":"TensorFlow Lite for Microcontrollers"},{"key":"ref148","author":"shelby","year":"2019","journal-title":"uTensor and Tensor Flow Announcement"},{"key":"ref149","year":"2021","journal-title":"On Deep"},{"key":"ref59","year":"2022","journal-title":"UP Squared 6000 Edge Computing Kit"},{"key":"ref58","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intel vision accelerator"},{"key":"ref57","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intel Neural Compute Stick 2 (Intel NCS2)"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-019-01226-7"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CoolChips.2018.8373084"},{"key":"ref54","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intel&#x00AE; Cyclone&#x00AE; 10 GX FPGA"},{"key":"ref53","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intel&#x00AE; Cyclone&#x00AE; 10 LP FPGA"},{"key":"ref52","year":"2022","journal-title":"MAX&#x00AE; V CPLDs"},{"key":"ref40","year":"2022","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"ref167","first-page":"2825","article-title":"Scikit-learn: Machine learning in Python","volume":"12","author":"pedregosa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"ref166","year":"2022","journal-title":"DeepViewRT&#x2122; Inference Engine"},{"key":"ref165","year":"2022","journal-title":"STM32Cube initialization code generator"},{"key":"ref164","article-title":"CMSIS-NN: efficient neural network kernels for arm cortex-m cpus","author":"lai","year":"2018","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"key":"ref163","year":"2021","journal-title":"CMSIS NN software library"},{"key":"ref162","year":"2018","journal-title":"Embedded Learning Library (ELL)"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMTRONICS51293.2020.9216395"},{"key":"ref160","year":"2022","journal-title":"nncase"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MDAT.2019.2952350"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.3007787"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FMEC49853.2020.9144755"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2917307"},{"key":"ref159","year":"2022","journal-title":"eIQ&#x00AE; ML Software Development Environment"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.2970550"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCEM50674.2020.00021"},{"key":"ref49","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ndp100 neural decision processor"},{"key":"ref157","year":"2022","journal-title":"X-Cube-AI AI Expansion Pack for STM32CubeMX"},{"key":"ref158","year":"2022","journal-title":"e-AI Solution"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.2984887"},{"key":"ref46","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ndp100 neural decision processor"},{"key":"ref45","year":"2022","journal-title":"M1076 Analog Matrix Processor"},{"key":"ref48","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ndp100 neural decision processor"},{"key":"ref47","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ndp100 neural decision processor"},{"key":"ref42","year":"2020","journal-title":"Accelerator Module"},{"key":"ref41","year":"2022","journal-title":"AI for smartphones"},{"key":"ref44","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lightspeeur 2801s neural accelerator"},{"key":"ref43","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nvdla primer"},{"key":"ref127","article-title":"Keras","author":"chollet","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref126","article-title":"TensorFlow: Large-scale machine learning on heterogeneous systems","author":"abadi","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref125","year":"2022","journal-title":"Raspberry Pi 4"},{"key":"ref124","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ethos-U65 machine learning processor (NPU)"},{"key":"ref73","year":"2022","journal-title":"RK1808"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VLSI-DAT.2019.8741613"},{"key":"ref129","year":"2021","journal-title":"State of data science and machine learning 2021"},{"key":"ref71","year":"2022","journal-title":"MediaTek Dimensity 9000"},{"key":"ref128","first-page":"8024","article-title":"Pytorch: An imperative style, high-performance deep learning library","author":"paszke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Advances in Neural IInformation Processing Systems"},{"key":"ref70","year":"2022","journal-title":"MediaTek Dimensity 1000 Series"},{"key":"ref76","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jevois-a33"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/informatics8040077","article-title":"Literature review of deep network compression","volume":"8","author":"alqahtani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Informatics"},{"key":"ref77","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jevois-pro"},{"key":"ref74","year":"2022","journal-title":"RK3399Pro"},{"key":"ref75","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kendryte k210"},{"key":"ref133","article-title":"To prune, or not to prune: Exploring the efficacy of pruning for model compression","author":"zhu","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref134","article-title":"Deep compression: Compressing deep neural network with pruning, trained quantization and huffman coding","author":"han","year":"0"},{"key":"ref131","year":"2022","journal-title":"TensorFlow Lite"},{"key":"ref78","year":"2019","journal-title":"USB Accelerator Datasheet"},{"key":"ref132","year":"2022","journal-title":"PyTorch Mobile"},{"key":"ref79","year":"2019","journal-title":"M 2 Accelerator"},{"key":"ref136","year":"2022","journal-title":"Core ML Framework"},{"key":"ref135","year":"2022","journal-title":"Android Neural Networks API"},{"key":"ref138","year":"2022","journal-title":"(Beta) Convert MobileNetV2 to NNAPI"},{"key":"ref137","year":"2022","journal-title":"TensorFlow Lite NNAPI delegate"},{"key":"ref60","year":"2022","journal-title":"DepthAI"},{"key":"ref139","year":"2022","journal-title":"Unified Conversion API"},{"key":"ref62","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kirin 970"},{"key":"ref61","year":"2022","journal-title":"megaAI"},{"key":"ref63","year":"2022","journal-title":"Snapdragon 855+\/860 mobile platform"},{"key":"ref64","year":"2022","journal-title":"MediaTek Helio P90"},{"key":"ref140","year":"2022","journal-title":"Create ML Framework"},{"key":"ref65","year":"2022","journal-title":"i300a (mt8362a)"},{"key":"ref141","year":"2022","journal-title":"Qualcomm Neural Processing SDK for AI"},{"key":"ref66","year":"2022","journal-title":"i300b (mt8362b)"},{"key":"ref142","year":"2022","journal-title":"HUAWEI HiAI Foundation"},{"key":"ref67","year":"2022","journal-title":"i350"},{"key":"ref143","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mediatek neuropilot"},{"key":"ref68","year":"2022","journal-title":"i500 (mt8385)"},{"key":"ref144","year":"2022","journal-title":"Samsung Neural SDK"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HotWeb.2015.22"},{"key":"ref69","year":"2022","journal-title":"MediaTek Helio P95"},{"key":"ref145","article-title":"Ai benchmark: Running deep neural networks on android smartphones","author":"ignatov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV) Workshops"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VLSI-DAT.2018.8373244"},{"key":"ref109","year":"2022","journal-title":"Janux G31 AI server"},{"key":"ref95","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jetson AGX Xavier"},{"key":"ref108","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gainboard 2803"},{"key":"ref94","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jetson AGX Xavier 64GB"},{"key":"ref107","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gainboard 2801 AI for the data center private & public cloud"},{"key":"ref93","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jetson Xavier NX"},{"key":"ref106","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lacelli edge inferencing server AI acceleration subsystem"},{"key":"ref92","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jetson Xavier NX 16GB"},{"key":"ref105","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lightspeeur 2801s neural accelerator"},{"key":"ref91","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jetson TX2 Module"},{"key":"ref104","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lightspeeur 2801s neural accelerator"},{"key":"ref90","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jetson TX2 Module"},{"key":"ref103","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jetson AGX Orin Developer Kit"},{"key":"ref102","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jetson AGX Xavier Developer Kit"},{"key":"ref111","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mm1076 m 2 key card"},{"key":"ref112","year":"0"},{"key":"ref110","year":"2022","journal-title":"MP10304 Quad-AMP PCIe Card"},{"key":"ref98","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jetson Jetson AGX Orin"},{"key":"ref99","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jetson Nano Developer Kit"},{"key":"ref96","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jetson AGX Xavier Industrial"},{"key":"ref97","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jetson Jetson Orin NX"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HPEC43674.2020.9286149"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-45691-7_4"},{"key":"ref12","author":"crespo","year":"2022","journal-title":"AI at the edge"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/s20092533","article-title":"Edge machine learning for ai-enabled iot devices: A review","volume":"20","author":"merenda","year":"2020","journal-title":"SENSORS"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"A review on tinyml: State-of-the-art and prospects","author":"ray","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-5-69"},{"key":"ref118","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cartesiam"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616"},{"key":"ref82","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev Board Mini datasheet"},{"key":"ref117","year":"2022","journal-title":"Syntiant tiny machine learning development board"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"How to embed\/deploy an arbitrary machine learning model on microcontrollers?","author":"hattori","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref81","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mini PCIe Accelerator"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3103138"},{"key":"ref84","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev Board Datasheets"},{"key":"ref119","year":"2022","journal-title":"Artificial intelligence ecosystem for STM32"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CYBERNIGERIA51635.2021.9428792"},{"key":"ref83","year":"2019","journal-title":"System-on-Module"},{"key":"ref114","article-title":"Foundation","year":"2022","journal-title":"Beaglebone&#x00AE; AI"},{"key":"ref113","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mns1076 amp evaluation system"},{"key":"ref116","year":"2022","journal-title":"SparkFun Edge Development Board-Apollo3 Blue"},{"key":"ref80","year":"2020","journal-title":"M 2 Accelerator with Dual Edge TPU"},{"key":"ref115","year":"2022","journal-title":"OpenMV Cam H7 R2"},{"key":"ref120","year":"2022","journal-title":"B-L475E-IOT01A &#x2013; STM32L4 Discovery kit IoT node low-power wireless BLE NFC SubGHz Wi-Fi"},{"key":"ref89","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jetson TX2 Module"},{"key":"ref121","year":"2021","journal-title":"Edge AI platforms"},{"key":"ref122","year":"2022","journal-title":"New AI edge computing &#x2013; edge\\ AI hardware & software"},{"key":"ref123","year":"2022","journal-title":"Industrial GPGPU & embedded edge AI computing solutions for critical imaging applications"},{"key":"ref85","year":"2020","journal-title":"Camera"},{"key":"ref86","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environmental sensor board"},{"key":"ref87","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jetson Nano"},{"key":"ref88","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jetson TX2 Module"}],"event":{"name":"2022 31st Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT)","location":"Helsinki, Finland","start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]}},"container-title":["2022 31st Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/9770852\/9770880\/09770931.pdf?arnumber=9770931","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T19:59:49Z","timestamp":1657569589000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9770931\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"references-count":177,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/fruct54823.2022.9770931","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]}}}