{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T05:10:17Z","timestamp":1756271417179,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"IEEE","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751846400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751846400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"DOI":"10.23919\/fusion65864.2025.11123952","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T19:04:07Z","timestamp":1756235047000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of LLM Reasoning Under Uncertainty: An Atomic Comparison to Normative Approaches"],"prefix":"10.23919","author":[{"given":"J.P.","family":"de Villiers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pretoria,Pretoria,South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"de Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pretoria,Pretoria,South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A-L.","family":"Jousselme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CS Research Lab,La Garde,France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory,Adelphi,MD,USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Blasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Air Force Research Lab,Rome,NY,USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Laudy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CortAIxLabs\/Thales,Palaiseau,France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. C.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Mason University,Fairfax,VA,USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1706.03762"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"24824","article-title":"Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models","volume":"35","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"14605","article-title":"A survey of deep learning for mathematical reasoning","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","author":"Lu"},{"journal-title":"Logical reasoning in large language models: A survey","year":"2025","author":"Liu","key":"ref4"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.185.4157.1124"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref6","first-page":"137","article-title":"URREF: Uncertainty representation and reasoning evaluation framework for information fusion","volume":"13","author":"Costa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Advances in Information Fusion"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/fusion52260.2023.10224086"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"3956","article-title":"Analyzing uncertainty in neural machine translation","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Machine Learning","volume":"80","author":"Ott","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"7752","article-title":"MARS: Meaning-aware response scoring for uncertainty estimation in generative LLMs","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","author":"Bakman"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics13234584","article-title":"Evaluating causal reasoning capabilities of large language models: A systematic analysis across three scenarios","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"2124","article-title":"LogicAsker: Evaluating and improving the logical reasoning ability of large language models","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","author":"Wan"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3712701"},{"journal-title":"Abstraction and reasoning corpus for artificial general intelligence (arc-agi)","year":"2024","author":"Chollet","key":"ref13"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"11 712","article-title":"What are the odds? language models are capable of probabilistic reasoning","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","author":"Paruchuri"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/FUSION45008.2020.9190168"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9780691214696"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)90026-4"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-0606-3_10"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref19","volume-title":"Pattern recognition and machine learning","volume":"4","author":"Bishop","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"83","article-title":"Valuation-Based Systems: A framework for managing uncertainty in expert systems","volume-title":"Fuzzy Logic for the Management of Uncertainty","author":"Shenoy","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/0199269750.001.0001"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2011.02.006"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-03643-0_2"},{"journal-title":"Gemini 2.0 Flash","year":"2025","key":"ref24"},{"journal-title":"OpenAI o3-mini","year":"2025","key":"ref25"},{"journal-title":"Sonar Reasoning","year":"2025","key":"ref26"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2011.07.006"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Chain-of-thought reasoning without prompting","volume-title":"The Thirty-eighth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems","author":"Wang","year":"2024"}],"event":{"name":"2025 28th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION)","start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"location":"Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","end":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]}},"container-title":["2025 28th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/11123897\/11123884\/11123952.pdf?arnumber=11123952","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T04:53:18Z","timestamp":1756270398000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11123952\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"references-count":28,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/fusion65864.2025.11123952","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]}}}