{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T11:13:30Z","timestamp":1775042010292,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Peer Community In","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Infanticide, the killing of dependent young by adult conspecifics, is an extreme form of conflict that remains poorly understood. Previous studies suggest that it is associated with reproductive benefits, either by making breeders newly available for reproduction or by increasing offspring care and reducing competition for resources. In addition, infanticide may result from a reproductive trade-off, where parents kill their offspring if environmental conditions compromise their reproductive value. Here, we combine video, genetic and individual-level reproductive data collected over 12 years to describe infanticide in a highly social, cooperative bird, the sociable weaver\n                    <jats:italic>Philetairus socius<\/jats:italic>\n                    and to establish whether direct reproductive benefits or life-history trade-offs are possible motivators for this behaviour. We documented 50 cases of infanticide and identified 27 aggressors with known histories. These were mostly born outside the colonies where they committed infanticide (63%) and there was a bias towards younger individuals. Aggressors were usually not part of the victim\u2019s breeding group (74%), but in two cases infanticide was committed by the breeding female, and in five by helpers. In most cases, aggressors were not reproducing at the time of the infanticide, were not recorded mating with any of the breeders or helpers from the attacked nest, nor occupied the nest from where the chicks were evicted. Only 13 of the known aggressors were confirmed as breeders after the attacks, and these mostly reproduced at the colony where the attacks were committed. Overall, we found no evidence for direct reproductive benefits of infanticide in sociable weavers. However, the younger age of aggressors, lack of genetic relatedness to the victims and future breeding at the colony suggest that competition between breeding groups, and hence indirect reproductive benefits, could provide motivation for infanticide in this population. Additional work over longer periods is needed to identify these possible indirect fitness benefits of infanticide.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.24072\/pcjournal.700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T15:30:03Z","timestamp":1774279803000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Infanticide in a colonial cooperative bird is not associated with direct reproductive benefits"],"prefix":"10.24072","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7130-144X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Covas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO-InBio, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, University of Porto, Campus Agr\u00e1rio de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4475-8035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliana R.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO-InBio, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, University of Porto, Campus Agr\u00e1rio de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0454-1053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 C.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO-InBio, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, University of Porto, Campus Agr\u00e1rio de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Science, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland"},{"name":"CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4095-6088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro B.","family":"D\u2019Amelio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa"},{"name":"CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6049-3690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Fortuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO-InBio, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, University of Porto, Campus Agr\u00e1rio de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3467-751X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delphine","family":"Duval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Biologie, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, Lyon, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1182-2299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthieu","family":"Paquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station d\u2019\u00c9cologie Th\u00e9orique et Exp\u00e9rimentale, Moulis, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1893-3960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Doutrelant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France"}]}],"member":"10161","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"key2026040111305523887_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.2307\/3546678","article-title":"Counter-Strategies to Infanticide in Mammals: Costs and Consequences","volume":"83","author":"Agrell, Jep","year":"1998","unstructured":"[1] Agrell, Jep; Wolff, Jerry O.; Ylonen, Hannu Counter-Strategies to Infanticide in Mammals: Costs and Consequences, Oikos, Volume 83 (1998) no. 3, p. 507","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"issue":"20","key":"key2026040111305523887_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2317305121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2317305121","article-title":"Eviction-Driven Infanticide and Sexually Selected Adoption and Infanticide in a Neotropical Parrot","volume":"121","author":"Beissinger, Steven R.","year":"2024","unstructured":"[2] Beissinger, Steven R.; Berg, Karl S. Eviction-Driven Infanticide and Sexually Selected Adoption and Infanticide in a Neotropical Parrot, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121 (2024) no. 20, p. e2317305121","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2026040111305523887_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1086\/716636","article-title":"Infanticide by Females Is a Leading Source of Juvenile Mortality in a Large Social Carnivore","volume":"198","author":"Brown, Ally K.","year":"2021","unstructured":"[3] Brown, Ally K.; Pioon, Malit O.; Holekamp, Kay E.; Strauss, Eli D. Infanticide by Females Is a Leading Source of Juvenile Mortality in a Large Social Carnivore, The American Naturalist, Volume 198 (2021) no. 5, pp. 642-652","journal-title":"The American Naturalist"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2026040111305523887_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arg034","article-title":"Multistate Estimates of Survival and Movement in Relation to Colony Size in the Sociable Weaver","volume":"14","author":"Brown, C. R.","year":"2003","unstructured":"[4] Brown, C. R. Multistate Estimates of Survival and Movement in Relation to Colony Size in the Sociable Weaver, Behavioral Ecology, Volume 14 (2003) no. 4, pp. 463-471","journal-title":"Behavioral Ecology"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2026040111305523887_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20190314","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2019.0314","article-title":"Nest Predation Predicts Infanticide in a Cooperatively Breeding Bird","volume":"15","author":"Cheng, Yi-Ru","year":"2019","unstructured":"[5] Cheng, Yi-Ru; Rubenstein, Dustin R.; Shen, Sheng-Feng Nest Predation Predicts Infanticide in a Cooperatively Breeding Bird, Biology Letters, Volume 15 (2019) no. 8, p. 20190314","journal-title":"Biology Letters"},{"issue":"1503","key":"key2026040111305523887_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2002.2106","article-title":"Stabilizing Selection on Body Mass in the Sociable Weaver Philetairus Socius","volume":"269","author":"Covas, Rita","year":"2002","unstructured":"[6] Covas, Rita; Brown, Charles R.; Anderson, Mark D.; Brown, Mary Bomberger Stabilizing Selection on Body Mass in the Sociable Weaver Philetairus Socius, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, Volume 269 (2002) no. 1503, pp. 1905-1909","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2026040111305523887_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-006-0168-2","article-title":"Kin Associations and Direct vs Indirect Fitness Benefits in Colonial Cooperatively Breeding Sociable Weavers Philetairus Socius","volume":"60","author":"Covas, Rita","year":"2006","unstructured":"[7] Covas, Rita; Dalecky, Ambroise; Caizergues, Alain; Doutrelant, Claire Kin Associations and Direct vs Indirect Fitness Benefits in Colonial Cooperatively Breeding Sociable Weavers Philetairus Socius, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, Volume 60 (2006) no. 3, pp. 323-331","journal-title":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2026040111305523887_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-008-0640-2","article-title":"Helpers in Colonial Cooperatively Breeding Sociable Weavers Philetairus Socius Contribute to Buffer the Effects of Adverse Breeding Conditions","volume":"63","author":"Covas, Rita","year":"2008","unstructured":"[8] Covas, Rita; Du Plessis, Morn\u00e9 A.; Doutrelant, Claire Helpers in Colonial Cooperatively Breeding Sociable Weavers Philetairus Socius Contribute to Buffer the Effects of Adverse Breeding Conditions, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, Volume 63 (2008) no. 1, pp. 103-112","journal-title":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology"},{"key":"key2026040111305523887_9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.18385267","article-title":"Datasets and Code Associated with \"Infanticide in a Colonial Cooperative Bird Is Not Associated with Direct Reproductive Benefits\"","author":"Covas, Rita","year":"2026","unstructured":"[9] Covas, Rita; Silva, Liliana; Ferreira, Andr\u00e9; D'Amelio, Pietro B; Fortuna, Rita; Duval, Delphine; Paquet, Matthieu; Doutrelant, Claire Datasets and Code Associated with \"Infanticide in a Colonial Cooperative Bird Is Not Associated with Direct Reproductive Benefits\", https:\/\/zenodo.org\/doi\/10.5281\/zenodo.18385267, 2026","journal-title":"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/doi\/10.5281\/zenodo.18385267"},{"key":"key2026040111305523887_10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.05.27.656097","article-title":"Infanticide in a Colonial Cooperative Bird Is Not Associated with Direct Reproductive Benefits","author":"Covas, Rita","year":"2025","unstructured":"[10] Covas, Rita; Silva, Liliana R.; Ferreira, Andr\u00e9 C.; D'Amelio, Pietro B.; Fortuna, Rita; Duval, Delphine; Paquet, Matthieu; Doutrelant, Claire Infanticide in a Colonial Cooperative Bird Is Not Associated with Direct Reproductive Benefits, http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.05.27.656097, 2025","journal-title":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.05.27.656097"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2026040111305523887_11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.2989\/00306525.2024.2328654","article-title":"Highly Variable Breeding Phenology in an Arid Region Colonial Cooperative Breeder, the Sociable Weaver Philetairus Socius","volume":"95","author":"D\u2019Amelio, Pietro B","year":"2024","unstructured":"[11] D\u2019Amelio, Pietro B; Silva, Nicolas J; Silva, Liliana R; Ferreira, Andr\u00e9 C; Theron, Franck; Doutrelant, Claire; Covas, Rita Highly Variable Breeding Phenology in an Arid Region Colonial Cooperative Breeder, the Sociable Weaver Philetairus Socius, Ostrich, Volume 95 (2024) no. 2, pp. 152-158","journal-title":"Ostrich"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2026040111305523887_12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1086\/729436","article-title":"Benefits of Pair-Bond Duration on Reproduction in a Lifelong Monogamous Cooperative Passerine","volume":"203","author":"D\u2019Amelio, Pietro B.","year":"2024","unstructured":"[12] D\u2019Amelio, Pietro B.; Covas, Rita; Ferreira, Andr\u00e9 C.; Fortuna, Rita; Silva, Liliana R.; Theron, Franck; Rybak, Fanny; Doutrelant, Claire Benefits of Pair-Bond Duration on Reproduction in a Lifelong Monogamous Cooperative Passerine, The American Naturalist, Volume 203 (2024) no. 5, pp. 576-589","journal-title":"The American Naturalist"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2026040111305523887_13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.13913","article-title":"Disentangling Climatic and Nest Predator Impact on Reproductive Output Reveals Adverse High-temperature Effects Regardless of Helper Number in an Arid-region Cooperative Bird","volume":"25","author":"D\u2019Amelio, Pietro B.","year":"2022","unstructured":"[13] D\u2019Amelio, Pietro B.; Ferreira, Andr\u00e9 C.; Fortuna, Rita; Paquet, Matthieu; Silva, Liliana R.; Theron, Franck; Doutrelant, Claire; Covas, Rita Disentangling Climatic and Nest Predator Impact on Reproductive Output Reveals Adverse High-temperature Effects Regardless of Helper Number in an Arid-region Cooperative Bird, Ecology Letters, Volume 25 (2022) no. 1, pp. 151-162","journal-title":"Ecology Letters"},{"issue":"16","key":"key2026040111305523887_14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4296","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13308","article-title":"Fine-scale Genetic Structure Reflects Sex-specific Dispersal Strategies in a Population of Sociable Weavers ( Philetairus Socius )","volume":"24","author":"van Dijk, Ren\u00e9 E.","year":"2015","unstructured":"[14] van Dijk, Ren\u00e9 E.; Covas, Rita; Doutrelant, Claire; Spottiswoode, Claire N.; Hatchwell, Ben J. Fine-scale Genetic Structure Reflects Sex-specific Dispersal Strategies in a Population of Sociable Weavers ( Philetairus Socius ), Molecular Ecology, Volume 24 (2015) no. 16, pp. 4296-4311","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2026040111305523887_15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185x.1998.tb00034.x","article-title":"Strategies and Counterstrategies to Infanticide in Mammals","volume":"73","author":"Ebensperger, Luis A.","year":"1998","unstructured":"[15] Ebensperger, Luis A. Strategies and Counterstrategies to Infanticide in Mammals, Biological Reviews, Volume 73 (1998) no. 3, pp. 321-346","journal-title":"Biological Reviews"},{"key":"key2026040111305523887_16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34626\/mykg-xg33","article-title":"Benefits and Costs of Helpers: Investigating the Underlying Mechanisms","author":"Ferreira, A. C.","year":"2015","unstructured":"[16] Ferreira, A. C. Benefits and Costs of Helpers: Investigating the Underlying Mechanisms, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto (Masters' thesis), 2015","journal-title":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto"},{"key":"key2026040111305523887_17","article-title":"Social Preferences, Kinship and Helping Behaviour in a Colonial Cooperatively Breeding Bird","author":"Ferreira, A. C.","year":"2021","unstructured":"[17] Ferreira, A. C. Social Preferences, Kinship and Helping Behaviour in a Colonial Cooperatively Breeding Bird, University of Montpellier (PhD Thesis), 2021","journal-title":"University of Montpellier"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2026040111305523887_18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.13438","article-title":"Maternal Allocation in Relation to Weather, Predation and Social Factors in a Colonial Cooperative Bird","volume":"90","author":"Fortuna, Rita","year":"2021","unstructured":"[18] Fortuna, Rita; Paquet, Matthieu; Ferreira, Andr\u00e9 C.; Silva, Liliana R.; Theron, Franck; Doutrelant, Claire; Covas, Rita Maternal Allocation in Relation to Weather, Predation and Social Factors in a Colonial Cooperative Bird, Journal of Animal Ecology, Volume 90 (2021) no. 5, pp. 1122-1133","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Ecology"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2026040111305523887_19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294x.1998.00389.x","article-title":"A DNA Test to Sex Most Birds","volume":"7","author":"Griffiths, Richard","year":"1998","unstructured":"[19] Griffiths, Richard; Double, Mike C.; Orr, Kate; Dawson, Robert J. G. A DNA Test to Sex Most Birds, Molecular Ecology, Volume 7 (1998) no. 8, pp. 1071-1075","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology"},{"issue":"20","key":"key2026040111305523887_20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.08.064","article-title":"Adaptive Secondary Sex Ratio Adjustments via Sex-Specific Infanticide in a Bird","volume":"21","author":"Heinsohn, Robert","year":"2011","unstructured":"[20] Heinsohn, Robert; Langmore, Naomi\u00a0E.; Cockburn, Andrew; Kokko, Hanna Adaptive Secondary Sex Ratio Adjustments via Sex-Specific Infanticide in a Bird, Current Biology, Volume 21 (2011) no. 20, pp. 1744-1747","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2026040111305523887_21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/s0003-3472(05)80652-9","article-title":"Kidnapping and Reciprocity in Cooperatively Breeding White-Winged Choughs","volume":"41","author":"Heinsohn, Robert G.","year":"1991","unstructured":"[21] Heinsohn, Robert G. Kidnapping and Reciprocity in Cooperatively Breeding White-Winged Choughs, Animal Behaviour, Volume 41 (1991) no. 6, pp. 1097-1100","journal-title":"Animal Behaviour"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2026040111305523887_22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0162-3095(79)90004-9","article-title":"Infanticide among Animals: A Review, Classification, and Examination of the Implications for the Reproductive Strategies of Females","volume":"1","author":"Hrdy, Sarah Blaffer","year":"1979","unstructured":"[22] Hrdy, Sarah Blaffer Infanticide among Animals: A Review, Classification, and Examination of the Implications for the Reproductive Strategies of Females, Ethology and Sociobiology, Volume 1 (1979) no. 1, pp. 13-40","journal-title":"Ethology and Sociobiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2026040111305523887_23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160891","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.160891","article-title":"A Test of Male Infanticide as a Reproductive Tactic in a Cichlid Fish","volume":"4","author":"Jindal, Shagun","year":"2017","unstructured":"[23] Jindal, Shagun; Bose, Aneesh P. H.; O'Connor, Constance M.; Balshine, Sigal A Test of Male Infanticide as a Reproductive Tactic in a Cichlid Fish, Royal Society Open Science, Volume 4 (2017) no. 3, p. 160891","journal-title":"Royal Society Open Science"},{"issue":"6211","key":"key2026040111305523887_24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1257226","article-title":"The Evolution of Infanticide by Males in Mammalian Societies","volume":"346","author":"Lukas, Dieter","year":"2014","unstructured":"[24] Lukas, Dieter; Huchard, Elise The Evolution of Infanticide by Males in Mammalian Societies, Science, Volume 346 (2014) no. 6211, pp. 841-844","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1780","key":"key2026040111305523887_25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20180075","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2018.0075","article-title":"The Evolution of Infanticide by Females in Mammals","volume":"374","author":"Lukas, Dieter","year":"2019","unstructured":"[25] Lukas, Dieter; Huchard, Elise The Evolution of Infanticide by Females in Mammals, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Volume 374 (2019) no. 1780, p. 20180075","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"key2026040111305523887_26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24072\/pci.ecology.100809","article-title":"Long-term studies can indicate the potential delayed benefits from commiting infanticide","author":"Lukas, D","year":"2026","unstructured":"[26] Lukas, D Long-term studies can indicate the potential delayed benefits from commiting infanticide, Peer Community in Ecology (2026)","journal-title":"Peer Community in Ecology"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"key2026040111305523887_27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/00306525.1973.9639159","article-title":"The Sociable Weaver, Part 2: Nest Architecture and Social Organization","volume":"44","author":"Maclean, G. L.","year":"1973","unstructured":"[27] Maclean, G. L. The Sociable Weaver, Part 2: Nest Architecture and Social Organization, Ostrich, Volume 44 (1973) no. 3-4, pp. 191-218","journal-title":"Ostrich"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"key2026040111305523887_28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/00306525.1973.9639160","article-title":"The Sociable Weaver, Part 3: Breeding Biology and Moult","volume":"44","author":"Maclean, G. L.","year":"1973","unstructured":"[28] Maclean, G. L. The Sociable Weaver, Part 3: Breeding Biology and Moult, Ostrich, Volume 44 (1973) no. 3-4, pp. 219-240","journal-title":"Ostrich"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2026040111305523887_29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170835","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.170835","article-title":"Breeding Decisions and Output Are Correlated with Both Temperature and Rainfall in an Arid-Region Passerine, the Sociable Weaver","volume":"4","author":"Mares, Rafael","year":"2017","unstructured":"[29] Mares, Rafael; Doutrelant, Claire; Paquet, Matthieu; Spottiswoode, Claire N.; Covas, Rita Breeding Decisions and Output Are Correlated with Both Temperature and Rainfall in an Arid-Region Passerine, the Sociable Weaver, Royal Society Open Science, Volume 4 (2017) no. 9, p. 170835","journal-title":"Royal Society Open Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2026040111305523887_30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(85)90248-3","article-title":"The Influence of Reproductive State on Infanticide by Wild Female House Mice (Mus Musculus)73","volume":"35","author":"Mccarthy, M","year":"1985","unstructured":"[30] Mccarthy, M; Vomsaal, F The Influence of Reproductive State on Infanticide by Wild Female House Mice (Mus Musculus)73, Physiology &amp; Behavior, Volume 35 (1985) no. 6, pp. 843-849","journal-title":"Physiology &amp; Behavior"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2026040111305523887_31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2004.02.014","article-title":"Parental Care Protects against Infanticide in the Lizard Egernia Saxatilis (Scincidae)","volume":"68","author":"O\u2019Connor, David E.","year":"2004","unstructured":"[31] O\u2019Connor, David E.; Shine, Richard Parental Care Protects against Infanticide in the Lizard Egernia Saxatilis (Scincidae), Animal Behaviour, Volume 68 (2004) no. 6, pp. 1361-1369","journal-title":"Animal Behaviour"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2026040111305523887_32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12377","article-title":"Antagonistic Effect of Helpers on Breeding Male and Female Survival in a Cooperatively Breeding Bird","volume":"84","author":"Paquet, Matthieu","year":"2015","unstructured":"[32] Paquet, Matthieu; Doutrelant, Claire; Hatchwell, Ben J.; Spottiswoode, Claire N.; Covas, Rita Antagonistic Effect of Helpers on Breeding Male and Female Survival in a Cooperatively Breeding Bird, Journal of Animal Ecology, Volume 84 (2015) no. 5, pp. 1354-1362","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Ecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2026040111305523887_33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.51.110104.151003","article-title":"Conflict Resolution in Insect Societies","volume":"51","author":"Ratnieks, Francis L.W.","year":"2006","unstructured":"[33] Ratnieks, Francis L.W.; Foster, Kevin R.; Wenseleers, Tom Conflict Resolution in Insect Societies, Annual Review of Entomology, Volume 51 (2006) no. 1, pp. 581-608","journal-title":"Annual Review of Entomology"},{"issue":"1851","key":"key2026040111305523887_34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20210153","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2021.0153","article-title":"Kidnapping Intergroup Young: An Alternative Strategy to Maintain Group Size in the Group-Living Pied Babbler ( Turdoides Bicolor)","volume":"377","author":"Ridley, Amanda R.","year":"2022","unstructured":"[34] Ridley, Amanda R.; Nelson-Flower, Martha J.; Wiley, Elizabeth M.; Humphries, David J.; Kokko, Hanna Kidnapping Intergroup Young: An Alternative Strategy to Maintain Group Size in the Group-Living Pied Babbler ( Turdoides Bicolor), Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, Volume 377 (2022) no. 1851, p. 20210153","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2026040111305523887_35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.12993","article-title":"Infanticide and Within-Clutch Competition Select for Reproductive Synchrony in a Cooperative Bird","volume":"70","author":"Riehl, Christina","year":"2016","unstructured":"[35] Riehl, Christina Infanticide and Within-Clutch Competition Select for Reproductive Synchrony in a Cooperative Bird, Evolution, Volume 70 (2016) no. 8, pp. 1760-1769","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"issue":"1600","key":"key2026040111305523887_36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2304","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2011.0283","article-title":"Family Feuds: Social Competition and Sexual Conflict in Complex Societies","volume":"367","author":"Rubenstein, Dustin R.","year":"2012","unstructured":"[36] Rubenstein, Dustin R. Family Feuds: Social Competition and Sexual Conflict in Complex Societies, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Volume 367 (2012) no. 1600, pp. 2304-2313","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"key2026040111305523887_37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2018.08.006","article-title":"Females Pay the Oxidative Cost of Dominance in a Highly Social Bird","volume":"144","author":"Silva, Liliana R.","year":"2018","unstructured":"[37] Silva, Liliana R.; Lardy, Sophie; Ferreira, Andr\u00e9 C.; Rey, Benjamin; Doutrelant, Claire; Covas, Rita Females Pay the Oxidative Cost of Dominance in a Highly Social Bird, Animal Behaviour, Volume 144 (2018), pp. 135-146","journal-title":"Animal Behaviour"},{"issue":"5971","key":"key2026040111305523887_38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1178332","article-title":"Altruism, Spite, and Greenbeards","volume":"327","author":"West, Stuart A.","year":"2010","unstructured":"[38] West, Stuart A.; Gardner, Andy Altruism, Spite, and Greenbeards, Science, Volume 327 (2010) no. 5971, pp. 1341-1344","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2026040111305523887_39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.24272\/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.041","article-title":"Observation of Mother-Perpetrated Infanticide in Golden Takins (Budorcas Taxicolor Bedfordi)","volume":"41","author":"Zhao, Hai-Tao","year":"2020","unstructured":"[39] Zhao, Hai-Tao; Zhang, Wen-Qing; Jia, Kang-Sheng; Li, Jia-Xuan; Bai, Xu-Xiang; Wang, Xiao-Wei; Guo, Song-Tao; He, Shu-Jun; Sun, Hong-Juan; Lei, Ying-Hu; Pan, Ru-Liang; Li, Bao-Guo Observation of Mother-Perpetrated Infanticide in Golden Takins (Budorcas Taxicolor Bedfordi), Zoological Research, Volume 41 (2020) no. 4, pp. 455-457","journal-title":"Zoological Research"}],"container-title":["Peer Community Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peercommunityjournal.org\/item\/10.24072\/pcjournal.700.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T09:31:06Z","timestamp":1775035866000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peercommunityjournal.org\/articles\/10.24072\/pcjournal.700\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.24072\/pcjournal.700"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24072\/pcjournal.700","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2025.05.27.656097","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.24072\/pci.ecology.100809","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2804-3871"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2804-3871","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"article-number":"e24"}}